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A one rupee coin is placed on a piece of paper . How many more coins of the same size may be placed such that each touches the central coin and the two adjacent coins ?

a) 7    b) 4

c)5     d) 6

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The answer is d) 6.

Say radius of the rupee is $R$ and another coin ($C_1$) is kept touching the center coin ($C_0$).
Compute the angle subtended at the center of $C_0$ by $C_1$:

  • Join the centers by a line of length $2R$.
  • Draw a tangent to $C_1$ from center of $C_0$, touching $C_1$ at $T$
  • Now draw the radius in $C_1$ from its center to $T$.

In the resulting right angled triangle, the angle $\angle center_1center_0T$ is clearly $30^{\circ}$ (simple trirgonometry, $\sin {30^{\circ}} = \frac{R}{2R}$), thus the angle subtended is $60^{\circ}$, which allows 6 coins to be placed.

Interestingly, this is also follows from the intuitive answer to the tightest packing possible for circles: hexagonal

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