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Answer is 23

Value of v is in binary 

Each iteration in while loop updates count if LSB of v has 1 else count remains unchanged and shift right is performed on v

Each iteration of for loop updates value of x as previous(x)+currentvalue(count)

Value of i

 Value of x

while loop 

iteration no.

Value of v

Value of count

5 0 0 101 (before loop starts) 0
  0 1 101 1
  0 2 10 1
  0 3 1 2
  0+2= 2      
4 2 0 100 2
  2 1 100 2
  2 2 10 2
  2 3 1 3
  2+3= 5      
3 5 0 11 3
  5 1 11 4
  5 2 1 5
  5+5= 10      
2 10 0 10  5
  10 1 10 5
  10 2 1 6
  10+6= 16      
1 16 0 1 6
  16 1 1 7
0 exits for loop 16+7=23      

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