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Question

link utilization= w/(1+2a) where w is window size and a= propogation delay/transmission delay. But when link is full duplex then also formula for link utilization remain same?

Answer 1

The given link utilization (efficiency) IS for full duplex channels, as we assume that both the frames and the acknowledgements can flow simultaneously in the channel.

In case of half duplex, the calculations become complex, as we would have to take into consideration the fact that:

1. only one of the two hosts can transmit
2. data can flow only in a single direction

at any given time.

Answer 2

link utilization= w/(1+2a) where w is window size and a= propogation delay/transmission delay. But when link is full duplex then also formula for link utilization remain same?

if the link is full duplex the round trip time will be tp instead of 2 tp

utilization = w/(1+a)

where a= tp/ tf