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12 votes
12 votes
Phi means empty set.

Epsilon means there is some element in a set whose cardinality(cardinality of that element not set cardinality) is 0.

In the case of TOC theory (NFA) :

Phi means no string accepted i.e. no final state.

Epsilon means there is a string of length 0 & it is accepted i.e. there is a final state.
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9 votes
9 votes

there is no way you can reach the final state then the language contains only ø .

and when you can reach the final state by giving nothing in input ( initial state = final state ) then the language contains € .

1 votes
1 votes
phi means nothing not even epsilon i.e nothing not even null is accepted epsilon atleast contains epsilon i.e null string is accepted
1 votes
1 votes
Phi ∅  = NULL  : No string : simply 0  zero

⋵  epsilon means  String of  zero length ; Its is string ; It cannot be null

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