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Suppose 4 organization's A,B,C and DATA request 4000,2000,2000 and 8000 host address respectively starting with 198.16.0.0 .Find the 1st IP of each, last IP address assigned and subnet mask of every organization.(Please answer with explanations)

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Organization A needs 4000 addresses.

Now, 2^n>=4000 =>n=12

To get the mask for organization A, set (32-n)=(32-12)=20 bits to 1. Hence, mask=255.255.240.0

1st IP of A=198.16.0.0

Last IP of A:-

Set rightmost 12 bits of mask to 1 and perform bitwise OR with 198.16.0.0

Last IP=198.16.15.255. But, here, 4096 addresses are utilized, we need 96 less hence last IP of A=198.16.15.159

Similarly,

Mask for organization B=255.255.248.0

1st ip of B=198.16.16.0

Last IP of B=198.16.23.207

Mask for organization C=255.255.248.0

1st IP of C=198.16.24.0

Last IP of C=198.16.31.207

Mask for organization DATA=255.255.240.0

1st IP of DATA=198.16.32.0

Last IP of DATA=198.16.63.63

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