retagged by
1,943 views
18 votes
18 votes
  • If the bank receipt is forged, then Mr. M is liable.
  • If Mr. M is liable, he will go bankrupt.
  • If the bank will loan him money, he will not go bankrupt.
  • The bank will loan him money.

Which of the following can be concluded from the above statements?

  1. Mr. M is liable
  2. The receipt is not forged
  3. Mr. M will go bankrupt
  4. The bank will go bankrupt
  5. None of the above
retagged by

4 Answers

Best answer
29 votes
29 votes

Let us denote sentences with variables:

  • $F:$ Bank receipt is forged
  • $L:$ Mr. $M$ is liable
  • $B:$ He will go bankrupt
  • $M:$ Bank loan him money
  1. $F\to L \quad \to(1)$
  2. $L\to B \quad \to(2)$
  3. $M\to B'\quad \to(3)$
  4. $M\quad\qquad \to(4)$


From $3$ and $4$ modus ponens we get

  • $B' \quad \to(5)$

From $2$ and $5$ modus tollens we get

  • $L' \quad \to (6)$

From $1$ and $6$ modus tollens we get

  • $F'$

Ans is (b).  Bank receipt is not forged.

edited by
2 votes
2 votes
  • $P:$ Bank receipt is forged
  • $Q:$ Mr. $M$ is liable
  • $R:$ He will go bankrupt
  • $S:$ Bank loan him money

 

  1. If the bank receipt is forged, then Mr. M is liable.   $P\rightarrow Q$
  2. If Mr. M is liable, he will go bankrupt.    $Q\rightarrow R$

 

Now, With Hypothetical Syllogism 

$P\rightarrow Q$

$Q\rightarrow R$

----------------------

$P\rightarrow R$         -----------------$(1)$

-----------------------

 

     $3.$If the bank will loan him money, he will not go bankrupt.    $S\rightarrow \sim R=\sim S\vee \sim R$-----------$(2)$

 

Now with Resolution  

and from $(1)$ and $(2)$

$\sim P\vee R$

$\sim S\vee \sim R$

------------------------

$\sim P\vee \sim S$---------------$(3)$

-------------------------

 

      $4.$The bank will loan him money.    $S$

 Now with Disjunctive Sillogism  

$\sim P\vee \sim S$

$S$

--------------------------

$\sim P$

-------------------------

So, Conclusion is The bank receipt is not forged

edited by
1 votes
1 votes
Let us denote sentences with variables
F : Bank receipt is forged
L : Mr M is liable
B : He will go bankrupt
M : Bank loan him money
 
"If the bank receipt is forged, then Mr. M is liable" :  F->L ..(1)
"If Mr. M is liable, he will go bankrupt" : L->B ...(2)
"If the bank will loan him money, he will not go bankrupt" : M->B' ...(3)
"The bank will loan him money" : M ...(4)

optuions are :
a. "Mr. M is liable" : L
b. "The receipt is not forged" : F'
c. "Mr. M will go bankrupt" : B
d. "The bank will go bankrupt" :  NOT GETTING THIS
e. None of the above

From (3) and (4) , using  modus ponens we get
B' ...(5)
From (2) and (5) using modus tollens we get
L' ...(6)
From (1) and (6) using modus tollens we get
F' which is equivalent to option B.

Hence correct ans is B
Answer:

Related questions

13 votes
13 votes
2 answers
4
makhdoom ghaya asked Oct 4, 2015
1,752 views
How many integers from $1$ to $1000$ are divisible by $30$ but not by $16$?$29$$31$$32$$33$$25$