The techniques that automatically move program and data blocks into physical main memory when they are required for execution are called virtual memory techniques.
Virtual memory is a technique that allows a computer to use more memory than it physically has available by temporarily transferring data from RAM to disk storage. When a program or data block is needed for execution, the operating system automatically moves it from disk storage into physical main memory. This allows programs to run larger than the physical amount of memory available and improves overall system performance by reducing the need for disk I/O operations.
Main memory techniques are typically used to optimize the use of physical main memory, such as techniques for allocating memory, managing memory fragmentation, and reducing memory conflicts.
Cache memory techniques are used to improve performance by storing frequently accessed data in a small, fast memory cache. This reduces the need to access slower main memory or storage devices.
Associate memory techniques are not a common term in computer science, and I couldn't find any relevant information related to this term.