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How many solutions are there to the equation
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 21,
where xi , i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, is a nonnegative integer such that: 0$\leq$ x1$\leq$10 ?
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x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 21, where xi , i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, is a nonnegative integer such that: 0≤ x1 ≤10 and x2,x3,x4,x5 can range in between 0 to 21.

Now we have to choose the coefficient of x21 in following expression

(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x10) (1+ x + x2 +x3.......+X21)(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x21)(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x21)(1+ x + x2+x3.....+ x21)

also we can extend term of x2,x3,x4,x5 from x21 upto infinty because it didn't  change the value of x21 coefficient . 

(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x10) (1+ x + x2 +x3.......)(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ )(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ )(1+ x + x2+x3.....+ )

$\left ( \frac{1-x^{11}}{1-x} \right )\left ( \frac{1}{(1-x)^{4}} \right )$

$\left ( 1-x^{11} \right )\left ( \frac{1}{(1-x)^{5}} \right )$

now we have to find only coefficient of x21 for which we consider coefficient of x21 and x10 in $\left ( 1-x \right )^{-5}$

general term of binomial coefficient is $\binom{n+r-1}{r}$

$\binom{5+21-1}{21}-\binom{5+10-1}{10}$=12650-1001=11649

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x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 21, where xi , i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, is a nonnegative integer such that: 0≤ x1 ≤10 .

Which can be solved by formula :  $\binom{25}{4} - \binom{14}{4}$

Total possibilites without upper Bound : $\binom{25}{4}$

possibilites with upper Bound: $\binom{14}{4}$

Answer will be 11,649.

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x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 21

0≤x1 ≤3  ,1≤ x2<4  and x3≥15

case 1: x3≥15 given to make condition <x1, x2, x3, x4, x5> ≥ 0 remove 15 from 21.

so new equation becomes x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 21-15 =6

case 2: 1≤ x2<4=1≤ x2≤3 given so make it 0≤ x2 ≤2   for that remove 1 from 6. 

so new equation becomes x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 =6-1=5

find all solutions where <x1, x2, x3, x4, x5> ≥ 0 lets say it solution A.

and remove the solution where 0≤ x2 ≤2 that is we will remove all solutions from A where x2>2 and all other variables are xi>=0 let's say it solution B.

 0≤x1 ≤3 that is we will remove all solution from A where x1>3 and all other variables are xi>=0 let's say it solution C. 

A= (5+5-1)C (5-1)     

   = 126

C= 5C4 =5 solutions 

B=6C4 =15 solutions 

B and C =0 solutions

Answer = A -  (B+C - B and C) 

               =126-20

               =106

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x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 21, where xi , i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, is a nonnegative integer such that: 0≤ x1 ≤10 ,0≤ x2 ≤10 ,0≤ x3 ≤10 ,0≤ x4 ≤10 ,0≤ x5 ≤10 ,

Solved by Generating Function :

(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x10) (1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x10)(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x10)(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x10)(1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x10) = x21.

((1+ x + x2 +x3.....+ x10))5 = x21.

$\left ( \frac{1- x^{11}}{1-x} \right )^{5}$ = x21.

$\left ( 1- x^{11} \right )^{5}\left ( \frac{1}{1-x} \right )^{5}$ =  x21.

$\left ( 1- x^{11} \right )^{5}\sum_{r=0}^{n}\binom{n+r-1}{r} x^{r} = x^{21}.$

$\left ( 1- x^{11} \right )^{5}\sum_{r=0}^{n}\binom{5+r-1}{r} x^{r} = x^{21}.$

$\left ( 1- x^{11} \right )^{5}\sum_{r=0}^{n}\binom{r+4}{r} x^{r} = x^{21}.$

Now we have to find term of x whose cofficient is 21.

$\left (\binom{5}{0} x^{0} - \binom{5}{1}x^{11} + \binom{5}{2}x^{22} - \binom{5}{3}x^{33}+ \binom{5}{4}x^{44} - \binom{5}{5}x^{55} \right )$  $\times \sum_{r=0}^{n}\binom{r+4}{r} x^{r} = x^{21}.$

$\left ( _{0}^{5}\textrm{C} \times _{21}^{25}\textrm{C}x^{21} \right ) - \left ( _{1}^{5}\textrm{C} \times _{10}^{14}\textrm{C}x^{21} \right ) = x^{21}$

$x^{21}\left ( 1 \times \left ( 25\times 23\times 22 \right ) \right ) - \left ( 5 \times\left ( 7\times 13\times 11 \right ) \right ) = x^{21}$

= 7645

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