http://www.brynmawr.edu/math/people/stromquist/numbers/primitive.html
if p is a prime number then you can't say 3 is primitive root. it depends on prime number p.
If p=7, then 3 is a primitive root for p because the powers of 3 are 1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 5---that is, every number mod 7 occurs except 0.
we can see all the number are present below 7 --> 1,2,3,4,5,6.