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If 20% of bolts produced by  machine are defective determine probability that out of 4 bolts choosen number of defective bolts is less than 2

1)27/64

2)81/256

3)27/256

4)512/625

1 Answer

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Probability of item being defective = $p = \frac{20}{100} = \frac{1}{5}$

Probability that less than 2 items are defective = Prob(no item is defective) + Prob(1 item is defective). Hence required probability is

$$P = \binom{4}{0}\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^0\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^4 + \binom{4}{1}\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^1\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^3 = \frac{512}{625}$$

Hence option (4) is correct.

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