Principle Amount = Rs.$10$
Total Amount given (in 11 monthly installments) = $Rs. 11 \times 1= Rs. 11$
We know, if the rate is $r\%$ per annum,then Simple Interst per year = $r\%$ of P
& $SI = \dfrac{P \times r \times t}{100}$
& Amount Returnable = Principle + SI
Here, in $1^{st}$ month $Rs. 1$ is returned back, So, in next month interest has to be given upon $Rs.(10-1) = Rs. 9$
$1^{st}$ months interest = $\dfrac{10 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100}$
$2^{nd}$ months interst = $\dfrac{9 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100}$
$3^{rd}$ months interest = $\dfrac{8 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100}$
$4^{th}$ months interest = $\dfrac{7 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100}$
$5^{th}$ months interest = $\dfrac{6 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100}$
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We know, Total Interest = Rs. 1
∴ $1 = \dfrac{10 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100} + \dfrac{9 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100} + \dfrac{8 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100} + \dfrac{7 \times r \times \dfrac{1}{12}}{100} + .....$
Or, $1 = \dfrac{r}{12 \times 100} \times [10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 + ... + 1]$
Or, $1 = \dfrac{r}{12 \times 100} \times \big[10 \times \dfrac{(10 + 1)}{2} \big] $ $\qquad \big[ \text{∵ Sum of The numbers from 1 to n = }n \times \dfrac{(n+1)}{2}\big]$
Or, $1= \dfrac{r}{12 \times 100} \times 10 \times \dfrac{11}{2}$
Or, $r = \dfrac{1 \times 12 \times 100 \times 2}{10 \times 11}$
Or, $r = \dfrac{12 \times 10 \times 2}{11}$
Or, $r = \dfrac{240}{11}$
Or, $r = 21\dfrac{9}{11}\%$
∴ $\color{maroon}{\text{Rate of Interest}}$ = $\color{green}{21\dfrac{9}{11}\%}$