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Consider a system with paging-based memory management, whose architecture allows for a $4\text{GB}$ virtual address space for processes. The size of logical pages and physical frames is $4\text{KB}$. The system has $8\text{GB}$ physical RAM. The system allows a maximum of $1K$ processes to run concurrently and uses a $10$-bit number to represent the PID.
Assume $1K=1024$
Assuming the OS uses hierarchical paging, calculate the maximum memory space required to store the page tables of all processes in the system. Assume that each page table entry requires an additional $10$ bits (beyond the frame number) to store various flags. Assume page table entries are rounded to the nearest byte. Consider the memory required for both outer and inner page tables in your calculations.

  1. $4 \text{MB} + 4 \text{KB}$
  2. $4 \text{KB} + 4 \text{B}$
  3. $4 \text{GB} + 4 \text{KB}$
  4. $4 \text{MB} + 4 \text{GB}$
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