According to the given question the intruder found out that A and B have a common prime factor
$(n_{a}, e_{a})$ and $(n_{b}, e_{b})$ are public keys
to find out the common factor the intruder finds GCD($n_{a}$, $n_{b}$)=q
as one of the common prime factors is found. The other primes can be found by
$p_{a}=\frac{n_{a}}{q}$ and $p_{b}=\frac{n_{b}}{q}$
now the intruder has both $n_{a}$ and $n_{b}$
next, the intruder can compute $\phi(n_{a})$ and $\phi(n_{b})$
to break A's ciphertext intruder needs private key of A which is $(d_{a}, n_{a})$
to find the private key, the intruder will simply apply
$e_{a}*d_{a}=1 MOD \phi(n_{a})$