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Question no P23-12

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For maximum efficiency, no. of packets that can be sent = 1 + 2a where a = Tp/Tt

Tp = Distance/propagation speed = 10^7/(2*10^8) = .05 sec

Tt = Packet size/Bandwidth = 10^5/10^8 = 0.001 sec

Therefore, window size = 1 + 2a = 1 + 2*.05/.001 = 101 packets.

Total no. of sequences >= Ws + Wr = 101 + 1 = 102.

No. of bits needed to represent 102 sequences = logbase2(102) = 7.
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Bandwidth(B)=100 Mbps,Distance(d)=10000 km Packet size(M)=100000 bits, Prop speed (v)= 2 * 10^8 m/s

we know in ideal case to send 1 packet we need Tt time.So,in  Tt +2*Tp  time,we can send Tt + 2*tp/Tt=1+ 2a packets (a=Tp/Tt).

therefore (a)sender window  size(Ws) =1+ 2a and since it is GBN receiver window size(Wr)=1 .

(b)We know Ws +Wr<=available sequence numbers. Number of bits in  sequence number field = ceil (log (2+ 2a)).

(c)In TCP, the timeout value is not static and so we need to use algorithms like Jacobson Algorithm for changing the timerout timer value after each transmission cycle but in data link layer it is fixed and its value is 2*RTT=2*2Tp=4Tp.

Putting the values,we get  Ws=40000 bits,Wr=1,No of bits in sequence number =16,Timer out timer value=0.20 sec.

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