In the IEEE 754 notation , the number is represented in 32 bits . The first bit is for the sign of the number , next 23 bits is normalise mantissa and next 8 bits is biased exponent.
$10$ is represented as = $1.01*2^{3} = 1.01*2^{130-127}$ , which in 32 bit format would be represented as ,
$001(19 \ 0's)10000010$.
And 16 is represented as $1.0*2^4 = 1.0*2^{131-127}=0(23 \ 0's)10000011$.
Thus we need to find the number of possible patterns of $0's$ and $1's$ in the following format.
Keeping the exponent same , the number of patterns of mantissa of the form $01(21 \ x's)$ and $1(22 \ x's)$.Where $x's$ are the positions to fill with 0's and 1's .
Thus total number of possible patterns = $2^{21}(of \ the \ 1^{st} \ kind)+2^{22}(of \ the \ 2^{nd} \ kind)$ = $3*2^{21}(Ans)$.