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Consider the following logical inferences.

$I_{1}$: If it rains then the cricket match will not be played.
The cricket match was played.
Inference:  There was no rain.

$I_{2}$: If it rains then the cricket match will not be played.
It did not rain.
Inference: The cricket match was played.

Which of the following is TRUE?

1. Both $I_{1}$ and $I_{2}$ are correct inferences
2. $I_{1}$ is correct but $I_{2}$ is not a correct inference
3. $I_{1}$ is not correct but $I_{2}$ is a correct inference
4. Both $I_{1}$ and $I_{2}$ are not correct inferences

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Given: $R\rightarrow \ \sim C$

Hence: $C\rightarrow \ \sim R$

When it rains, we can imply there's no cricket match.

When it doesn't rain, we can' say anything. (because $\sim R$ doesn't imply anything)

$I_1$ is a correct inference. $I_2$ is not a correct inference as it was not mentioned what would have happened if it hadn't rained- They might have played or they might not have played.
by
selected by
+6
This is an example of Modus tollen. Isn't it ?
+1
yes it is example of modus tollens
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Only I1 is example of Modus Tollen. I2 does not look like Modus Tollen. Pooja Palod mam. please confirm.

+1

I2 is an example of Logical Fallacy.Usually fallacy occurs in two forms:

Form 1)The Fallacy of affirming the consequence

If p then q.  AND
q

Then we cannot conclude anything.

Form 2) The fallacy of denying the antecedent.

If p then q.  AND

NOT P

Then we cannot conclude anything.

Let us assume p=It rains, the q=cricket match will not be played.

I1: If it rains then the cricket match will not be played   (p->q)

The cricket match was played. (~q)
Inference:  There was no rain.(~p)

p->q

~q

~p    (Modus tollens )

Thus I1 is a correct inference.

I2: can be written as

p->q
~p

Given inference - ~q
Not a correct inference. When p is false and q is true, both the premises becomes true but conclusion becomes false

Hence answer is B

by
edited by
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Nice detailed answer .....
+2

I2 is a famous Fallacy.
This type of incorrect reasoning is known as Fallacy of denying the hypothesis.

Another one is -
p->q
q

p
It is known as Fallacy of affirming the conclusion.

B) I1 is correct but I2 is not a correct inference.

No, the inference 'I' is not Correct.

Let P = it rains.

Q = Cricket match will not be played.

For P $\rightarrow$ Q to be true.

If P is true then Q has to be true. (There is no other choice for Q).

But if P is false then Q can be anything (True or False). Still P $\rightarrow$ Q is true.

This is also known as "The fallacy of denying the antecedent".

P $\rightarrow$ Q
~P

$\therefore$ (Nothing can be concluded).

0
but ,

P -> Q

~Q

-----------------

This is possible right ?

~P
+2

P $\rightarrow$ Q
~Q

$\therefore$   ~P

This is also known as Modus Tollen