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Ans: A) Abstraction

 Its main goal is to handle complexity by hiding unnecessary details from the user.
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The concept that takes care of data hiding in programming is Encapsulation.

Here’s a brief explanation of each term:

  • Abstraction: This is a process of hiding the implementation details and showing only the functionality to the user. Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it.

  • Encapsulation: This is a process of wrapping code and data together into a single unit, like a capsule. It is a protective shield that prevents the data from being accessed by the code outside this shield.

  • Modularity: This is a design technique that separates the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable modules. Each module is self-sufficient and capable of executing a unique part of the desired functionality with little or no interaction from other modules.

  • Inheritance: This is a mechanism in which one class acquires the property of another class. It provides code reusability, it allows you to add additional features to an existing class without modifying it.

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