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17 votes
17 votes

Given below are two statements $1$ and $2$, and two conclusions $\text{I}$ and $\text{II}$

  • $\text{Statement 1:}$ All bacteria are microorganisms.
  • $\text{Statement 2:}$ All pathogens are microorganisms.
  • $\text{Conclusion I:}$ Some pathogens are bacteria.
  • $\text{Conclusion II:}$ All pathogens are not bacteria.

Based on the above statements and conclusions, which one of the following options is logically $\text{CORRECT}$?

  1. Only conclusion $\text{I}$ is correct
  2. Only conclusion $\text{II}$ is correct
  3. Either conclusion $\text{I}$ or $\text{II}$ is correct
  4. Neither conclusion $\text{I}$ nor $\text{II}$ is correct
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9 Answers

6 votes
6 votes

A lot of ambiguity around the question. Here’s my take:

 

EITHER, what does it mean?

Found some articles comparing it to XOR

Either A or B

This means either A can be true OR B can be true, both can’t be true together and can’t be false together

 

https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/68333/what-is-the-logical-connective-for-either-or

https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/95559/can-either-mean-both-any-and-both

https://thewritepractice.com/how-to-use-either-neither-or-and-nor-correctly/

 

For this context, either conclusion 1 has to be true OR conclusion 2 has to be true

 

But for cases where either bacteria is a subset of pathogens or pathogens is a subset of bacteria or both are equal (while all being microorganisms), these are three valid possible conclusions, which are outside of the consideration of the provided conclusions

 

So we have options other than conclusion 1 or 2, because of which, we CAN’T say either one of them is true, both of them can be false, which can’t be allowed as per the meaning of EITHER-OR

 

So, NEITHER 1 nor 2 is NECESSARILY correct

 

Thus, D.

5 votes
5 votes
I don't know why answer c is wrong the guy above itself give answer is c though he write d some times first diagram true and sometime below two will be true so we can infer easily that either or will be true , where is the problem,it's quite trivial to see .

The answer will definitely change to c I am sure in this regard
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1 votes
1 votes

Let’s end this :D

In the question

  • Conclusion I:Conclusion I: Some pathogens are bacteria.
  • Conclusion II:Conclusion II: All pathogens are not bacteria

There can be two possible cases

Consider Case 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where bacteria and pathogen are both subsets of microorganisms &

 Bacteria ∩ Pathogen = null

For this case 

 Conclusion I fails but conclusion II passes 

So we rule out Option A & D

Consider Case 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where bacteria and pathogen are both subsets of microorganisms &

 Bacteria ∩ Pathogen = not null

For this case 

 Conclusion I passes but conclusion II fails

So we rule out Option B now

Now the question doesn’t say if its OR or XOR

and only conclusive logic we can derive is XOR 

So C satisfies either one of the conditions at a time

It can never satisfy both or none cause its like 

Schrödinger's cat experiment

The cat can either be alive or dead

It cannot be both dead or alive

Nor it cannot be both not dead not alive

So Final ANSWER C :D

Please fell free to try to correct a question which you definitely messed up. :D

 

0 votes
0 votes
Answer is D:

Everyone is debating over C and D,

Option C: Either conclusion I or II is correct.

Remember when pathogens and Bacteria Intersects. Both the conclusions hold..therefore C cannot be the answer...D is correct
Answer:

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