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If $F1, F2$ and $F3$ are propositional formulae/expressions, over same set of propositional variables, such that $F1 \wedge F2 \wedge F3$ is unsatisfiable and such that the conjunction of any pair of them is satisfiable, then which of the following is/are true:
  1. At least one of $F1,F2,F3$ is a tautology.
  2. At least one of $F1,F2,F3$ is a contradiction.
  3. $F1,F2,F3$, all are contingency.
  4. $(F1\rightarrow F2),(F2\rightarrow F3),(F3\rightarrow F1)$, all are contingency.
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Answer: C, D

  1.  $F1\wedge F2\wedge F3$ is unsatisfiable. this means they are always false, i.e. contradiction.
  2. Conjunction of any pair of them is satisfiable, i.e. at least one time true.
    1. $F1\wedge F2$ will be true in one case, say k1. Then, F1=T and F2=T in this case.
    2. $F2\wedge F3$ will be true in one case, say k2. Then, F2=T and F3=T in this case.
    3. $F1\wedge F3$ will be true in one case, say k3. Then, F1=T and F3=T in this case.

Lets check the options one by one.

  1. At least one of F1,F2,F3 is a tautology.
  • Assume F1 is tautology. So, F1 will be always True. So,  for case k2, when F2=T and F3=T. $F1\wedge F2\wedge F3$ will be true. This contradicts (i). Similarly, we can prove for F2 and F3. So this option is False.
  1. At least one of F1,F2,F3 is a contradiction.
  • Assume F1 is Contradiction. So, F1 will be always False. So, now for case k1 and k3, $F1\wedge F2$, and $F1\wedge F3$ will be False. This contradicts (ii)- 1. and 2. Similarly, we can prove for F2 and F3. So, this option is False.
  1. F1,F2,F3, all are contingency.
  • From option A. and B. , we proved that F, F2, F3 are neither Tautology nor Contradiction. So, definitely they are contingency. So, this option is True.
  1. (F1→F2),(F2→F3),(F3→F1), all are contingency.
  • Consider (F1→F2), for case k1, F1=T and F2=T. So, (F1→F2) is True in this case. Now, for case k3, F1=T and F3=T. But, F2 will be False in this case, because of (i). so, as F1=T and F2=F, so (F1→F2) will be False. So, as (F1→F2) is False in one case and True in one case. So, it is contingency. Similarly, we can prove for others. so, this option is also True.
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