In a database management system (DBMS), the ACID properties (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) are typically managed by a combination of components, including the database engine, the transaction management system, and the concurrency control system.
Here is a brief overview of which components are responsible for managing each of the ACID properties:
Atomicity: The transaction management system is responsible for ensuring that a database transaction is either completely executed or completely undone, regardless of any failures or interruptions that may occur. This property is known as atomicity.
Consistency: The database engine is responsible for enforcing consistency by ensuring that all data changes made during a transaction are valid according to the rules and constraints defined in the database schema.
Isolation: The concurrency control system is responsible for managing the interactions between multiple transactions that may be executing concurrently, in order to ensure that each transaction is isolated from the effects of other transactions. This property is known as isolation.
Durability: The database engine is responsible for ensuring that all data changes made during a transaction are permanently persisted to the database, even in the event of a failure or interruption. This property is known as durability.