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Suppose we want to transmit the message $11100011$ and protect it from errors using the CRC polynomial $x^{3}+1$.

(a) Use polynomial long division to determine the message that should be transmitted.

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The message sent would be 11100011 100  ! 

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Given Message → 11100011

CRC polynomial → x^3 +1 which can also be written in bit format i.e., 1001

Now append “000” to the message because in CRC we have 4 bits so 3 bits must be appended to message for XOR operation between CRC and the message.

so New Message will be 11100011

CRC will be 1001

Now, do XOR operation between 1001 and 11100011000 

                                                     

                                                                    

so we get the remainder 100 and the message sent will be 11100011 100.

 

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