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Suppose an $IP$ packet is fragmented into $10$ fragments, each with a $1$% (independent) probability of loss. To a reasonable approximation, this means there is a $10$% chance of losing the whole packet due to loss of a fragment. What is the probability of net loss of the whole packet if the packet is transmitted twice,

(b) Assuming any given fragment may have been part of either transmission?

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b)chances of loosing any single fragment is 0.01*0.01=0.0001.
Now if any of the 10 fragment is lost then whole packet is lost and the probability that this happens atleast one for the 10 different fragments is =10*0.0001=0.001

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