1) Link Utilisation is the time for which The Cable has been used
Sender utilises the cable which placing the data on cable i.e. during the transmission time
So, Sender Link Utilisation= Transmission Time*100/(Total Time)
Total time=Transmission Time + 2 * Propagation Time
Transmission Time= Data Size/Bandwith
Propogation Time=Length/Velocity
2)Throughput is the rate at which sender transmit the data
so, Throughput= Data Size/Total Time
3)Bandwidth is the amount of data that a cable can transmit is 1 sec like 10mbps bandwidth means 10mb data in 1 second
Note: Throughput is always less than the Bandwidth of a cable.
4) Efficiency is throughput of a device in percentage
say bandwidth is 10mbps and throughput is 8 mbps => efficiency is 80%
