The maximum no that can be represented in binary using 126 bits = 11....(126 times)
= 2126 - 1
So to find number of digits in equivalent decimal notation , we do :
2126 - 1 = 10x
⇒x = Ceil(log(2126 - 1))
⇒x = Ceil (37.93)
⇒x = 38
Hence number of digits required to represent any 126 bit binary number in decimal is 38 digits.