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In the given matrix $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ , one of the eigenvalues is $1.$ The eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalue $1$ are

  1. $\left\{a\left(4,2,1\right) \mid a \neq 0, a \in \mathbb{R}\right\}$
  2. $\left\{a\left(-4,2,1\right) \mid a \neq 0, a \in \mathbb{R}\right\}$
  3. $\left\{a\left(\sqrt{2},0,1\right) \mid a \neq 0, a \in \mathbb{R}\right\}$
  4. $\left\{a\left(- \sqrt{2},0,1\right) \mid a \neq 0, a \in \mathbb{R}\right\}$
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Best answer
60 votes
60 votes

$\begin{bmatrix} 1-1 & -1 & 2\\ 0& 1-1& 0\\ 1& 2& 1-1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 & 2\\ 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 2& 0 \end{bmatrix}*\begin{bmatrix} x\\ y\\ z \end{bmatrix}$

  • $-y + 2z = 0$
  • $x + 2y = 0$

Now consider each of the triplets as the value of x, y, z and put in these equations the one which satisfies is the answer.

Why so because an eigen vector represents a vector which passes through all the points which can solve these equations.

So, we can observe that only option B is satisfying the equations.

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8 votes

Given matrix, and it's eigen value is 1,

I write $|A-1.I|=$\begin{vmatrix} 0& -1&2 \\ 0&0 &0 \\ 1& 2& 0\end{vmatrix}$$

Now I have to find an Eigen-vector(obviously non-zero) such that $|A-I|.X=0$

and this is $\begin{vmatrix} 0 & -1 & 2\\ 0 & 0 &0 \\ 1 & 2 &0 \end{vmatrix}$.$\begin{bmatrix} a\\ b\\ c \end{bmatrix}=0$

Now, you should think what combinations of columns 1,2 and 3 should I take to get the zero vector $\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0\\ 0 \end{bmatrix}$

And, you can agree if I say, -4times the first column +2 times the second column and 1 times the third column will give you the zero vector

i.e.

$-4\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0\\ 1 \end{bmatrix}+$ $2\begin{bmatrix} -1\\ 0\\ 2 \end{bmatrix}+$$\begin{bmatrix} 2\\ 0\\ 0 \end{bmatrix}=$$\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0\\ 0 \end{bmatrix}$

so our X becomes X=$\begin{bmatrix} -4\\ 2\\ 1 \end{bmatrix}$

And any linear combination of this X would also result in $|A-I|cX=c\{|A-I|.X\}=c.0=0$ provided $c \not=0$ otherwise we would get the zero vector and the zero vector is a trivial solution to AX=0.

Hence, answer (B)

6 votes
6 votes
Let z represents the eigenvalues.

And let the given matrix be A (square matrix of order 3 x3)

The characteristic equation for this is :

AX = zX ( X is the required eigenvector )
AX - zX = 0
[ A - z I ] [X] = 0 ( I is an identity matrix of order 3 )

put z = 1 ( because one of the eigenvalue is 1 )

[ A - 1 I ] [X] = 0

The resultant matrix is :

[ 0 -1 2 ] [x1] [0]
| 0 0 0 ] |x2] =|0|
[ 1 2 0 ] |x3] [0]

Multiplying thr above matrices and getting the equations as:

-x2 + 2x3 = 0 ----------------(1)
x1 + 2x2 = 0-----------------(2)

now let x1 = k, then x2 and x3 will be -k/2 and -k/4
respectively.

hence eigenvector X = { (k , -k/2, -k/4) } where k != 0

put k = -4c ( c is also a constant, not equal to zero ),
we get X = { ( -4c, 2c, 1c ) }, i.e. { c ( -4, 2, 1 ) }

Hence option B.
6 votes
6 votes

if A is a Matrix and X is a Eigen Vector then  this condition follow [A] [X] = Eigen Value * [X] 

so,

 

here Eigen value is 1 

Answer:

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