7,397 views
44 votes
44 votes

Let $\Sigma = \left\{a, b, c, d, e\right\}$ be an alphabet. We define an encoding scheme as follows:

$g(a) = 3, g(b) = 5, g(c) = 7, g(d) = 9, g(e) = 11$.

Let $p_i$ denote the i-th prime number $\left(p_1 = 2\right)$.

For a non-empty string $s=a_1 \dots a_n$, where each $a_i \in \Sigma$, define $f(s)= \Pi^n_{i=1}P_i^{g(a_i)}$.

For a non-empty sequence$\left \langle s_j, \dots,s_n\right \rangle$ of stings from $\Sigma^+$, define $h\left(\left \langle s_i \dots s_n\right \rangle\right)=\Pi^n_{i=1}P_i^{f\left(s_i\right)}$

Which of the following numbers is the encoding, $h$, of a non-empty sequence of strings?

  1. $2^73^75^7$

  2. $2^83^85^8$

  3. $2^93^95^9$

  4. $2^{10}3^{10}5^{10}$

6 Answers

Best answer
44 votes
44 votes
It is clear from the choices that there are $3$ strings in the sequence as we have the first $3$ prime numbers in the product. Now, in $f(s)$ the first term is $2^x$for some $x$, so, A and C choices can be eliminated straight away as neither $7$ nor $9$ is a multiple of $2.$

The sequence of strings are "a", "a" and "a"

$f(a) = 2^3 = 8$. So, we get $2^8 3^8 5^8$ as per the definition of $h$.

Correct Answer: $B$
edited by
26 votes
26 votes

Option B is correct

n=3 (in options length is given as 3)

Let s1=a,s2=a,s3=a

now,

f(s1)=f(a)=2

f(s2)=f(a)=2

f(s3)=f(a)=2

p1=2,p2=3,p3=5

h(s1,s2,s3)=p1f(s1)p2f(s2)p3f(s3)=283858

14 votes
14 votes

Since no sequence is given we need the help of options to identify the correct encoding.


h(⟨sisn⟩)=Πni=1 Pif(si) =P1f(s1) * P2f(s2) * .....*Pnf(sn) 
P1=2, P2=3, P3=5, P4=7 and so on...

g(ai)={3,5,7,9,11}.

Since in all the options there are first 3 prime nos. given, we can conclude that the sequence s goes up to n=3.

Now, f(s)=Πni=1Pig(ai)P1g(s1) * P2g(s2) * .....*Png(sn). As it starts with P1 which is 2 and g(ai)≠0 for any case, so the value of f(s) can never be odd. Thus we can eliminate option A and C.

Next we see the powers of 2 in option B and D. Concentrating only on the power of 2 we find--->

B shows 8 which can be obtained if for i=1, g(a1)=3 and P1=2 we already know. 23=8.
D shows 10 which can be obtained if  for i=1, g(a1)=1 and P1=2 (we know) , for i=2,g(a2)=0 and P2=3 (we know), for i=3, g(a3)=1 and P3=5 (we know). Then (21)*(30)*(51)=10. But we know that g(ai)≠0 for any case. So D can't be the answer.

Hence B.

edited by
8 votes
8 votes

From $2^j⋅3^j⋅5^j=\prod_{i=1}^{3} p^{f(s_{i})}$ we deduce by the uniqueness of the prime decomposition that $f(s_{i})=j \ for \ i=1,2,3$

If $j=7$ we have for example$f(s_{1})=7^1$ and since $1∉{3,5,7,9,11}$ we conclude that it is not a sequence of words with the above encoding scheme.

If $j=8$ we have for example $f(s_{1})=2^3$and since $3∈{3,5,7,11}$ we conclude that is a sequence of words with the above encoding scheme.

If $j=10$ we have for example $f(s_{1})=2^1.5^1$ and since $1∉{3,5,7,9,11}$ we conclude that it is not a sequence of words with the above encoding scheme.

Similarly with $j=9$ you can conclude that it is not an encoding

 

SOURCE : https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1499757/an-encoding-of-non-empty-sequence-of-strings

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