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Concept of layering.OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks; Basics of packet, circuit and virtual circuit-switching; Data link layer: framing, error detection, Medium Access Control, Ethernet bridging; Routing protocols: shortest path, flooding, distance vector and link state routing; Fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation, Basics of IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), Network Address Translation (NAT); Transport layer: flow control and congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets; Application layer protocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email.

.$$\scriptsize{\overset{{\large{\textbf{Mark Distribution in Previous GATE}}}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\textbf{Year}& \textbf{2022} & \textbf{2021-1}&\textbf{2021-2}&\textbf{2020}&\textbf{2019}&\textbf{2018}&\textbf{2017-1}&\textbf{2017-2}&\textbf{2016-1}&\textbf{2016-2}&\textbf{Minimum}&\textbf{Average}&\textbf{Maximum}
\\\hline\textbf{1 Mark Count} & 2 &1&1&2&1&3&2&3&2&3&1&2&3
\\\hline\textbf{2 Marks Count} & 4 &4&3&2&4&2&3&1&4&3&1&3&4
\\\hline\textbf{Total Marks} & 10 &9&7&6&9&7&8&5&10&9&\bf{5}&\bf{8}&\bf{10}\\\hline
\end{array}}}$$

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Recent questions in Computer Networks

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4022
A bridge uses IP address and router uses MAC address- true or false
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4024
Peterson Davie 3.25
Cell switching methods (like $ATM$) essentially always use virtual circuit switching rather than datagram forwarding. Give a specific argument why this is so (consider the preceding question).
Cell switching methods (like $ATM$) essentially always use virtual circuit switching rather than datagram forwarding. Give a specific argument why this is so (consider th...
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4025
Peterson Davie 3.24
What percentage of an $ATM$ link's total bandwidth is consumed by the $ATM$ cell headers? Ignore padding to fill cells or $ATM$ adaptation layer headers.
What percentage of an $ATM$ link's total bandwidth is consumed by the $ATM$ cell headers? Ignore padding to fill cells or $ATM$ adaptation layer headers.
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4026
Peterson Davie 3.23
Suppose a bridge has two of its ports on the same network. How might the bridge detect and correct this?
Suppose a bridge has two of its ports on the same network. How might the bridge detect and correct this?
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4028
Peterson Davie 3.3
For the network given in Figure 3.45, give the datagram forwarding table for each node. The links are labeled with relative costs; your tables should forward each packet via the lowest-cost path to its destination.
For the network given in Figure 3.45, give the datagram forwarding table for each node. The links are labeled with relative costs; your tables should forward each packet ...
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4034
Peterson Davie 2.42b
Suppose the round-trip propagation delay for Ethernet is $46.4 \mu s$. This yields a minimum packet size of $512$ bits ($464$ bits corresponding to propagation delay $+48$ bits of jam signal). (b) What are the drawbacks to so large a minimum packet size?
Suppose the round-trip propagation delay for Ethernet is $46.4 \mu s$. This yields a minimum packet size of $512$ bits ($464$ bits corresponding to propagation delay $+48...
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4038
Peterson Davie 2.39
What kind of problems can arise when two hosts on the same Ethernet share the same hardware address? Describe what happens and why that behavior is a problem.
What kind of problems can arise when two hosts on the same Ethernet share the same hardware address? Describe what happens and why that behavior is a problem.
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3 answers
4039
Let bandwidth of a token ring is 4 Mbps
Let bandwidth of a token ring is 4 Mbps and THT be 15ms. What is the maximum frame size and maximum payload size
Let bandwidth of a token ring is 4 Mbps and THT be 15ms. What is the maximum frame sizeand maximum payload size
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