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ER‐model. Relational model:Relational algebra, Tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, Normal forms. File organization, Indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.

$$\scriptsize{\overset{{\large{\textbf{Mark Distribution in Previous GATE}}}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\textbf{Year}& \textbf{2022} & \textbf{2021-1}&\textbf{2021-2}&\textbf{2020}&\textbf{2019}&\textbf{2018}&\textbf{2017-1}&\textbf{2017-2}&\textbf{2016-1}&\textbf{2016-2}&\textbf{Minimum}&\textbf{Average}&\textbf{Maximum}
\\\hline\textbf{1 Mark Count} & 3 &2&1&2&2&2&2&2&3&2&1&2.1&3
\\\hline\textbf{2 Marks Count} & 2&3&3&3&3&2&3&3&1&2&1&2.5&3
\\\hline\textbf{Total Marks} & 7 &8&7&8&8&6&8&8&5&6&\bf{6}&\bf{7.1}&\bf{8}\\\hline
\end{array}}}$$

Highest voted questions in Databases

47 votes
2 answers
86
There are five records in a database.$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \textbf {Name} & \textbf {Age} & \textbf {Occupation} & \textbf{Category } \\\hline \text{Rama} & ...
46 votes
6 answers
91
Which of the following relational calculus expression is not safe?$\left\{t \mid \exists u \in R_1\left(t[A] = u[A]\right) \land \neg \exists s \in R_2 \left(t[A] = s[A]\...
45 votes
6 answers
92
Consider a join (relation algebra) between relations $r(R)$ and $s(S)$ using the nested loop method. There are $3$ buffers each of size equal to disk block size, out of w...
44 votes
3 answers
96
Consider the following database table named $\text{top_scorer}$.$$\overset{\text{top_scorer}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline\\\textbf{player}& \textbf{country}& \textbf...