Recent questions in Programming and DS

1 vote
1
​​​​​Let $H$ be a binary min-heap consisting of $n$ elements implemented as an array. What is the worst case time complexity of an optimal algorithm to find the maximum element in $H$? $\Theta (1)$ $\Theta (\log n)$ $\Theta (n)$ $\Theta (n \log n)$
2
Consider the following $\text{ANSI C}$ program. #include <stdio.h> int main( ) { int arr[4][5]; int i, j; for (i=0; i<4; i++) ​​​​​​{ for (j=0; j<5; j++) { arr[i][j] = 10 * i + j; } } printf(“%d”, *(arr[1]+9)); return 0; } What is the output of the above program? $14$ $20$ $24$ $30$
1 vote
3
Consider a complete binary tree with $7$ nodes. Let $A$ denote the set of first $3$ elements obtained by performing Breadth-First Search $\text{(BFS)}$ starting from the root. Let $B$ denote the set of first $3$ elements obtained by performing Depth-First Search $\text{(DFS)}$ starting from the root. The value of $\mid A-B \mid$ is _____________
1 vote
4
Consider the following $\text{ANSI C}$ function: int SomeFunction (int x, int y) { if ((x==1) || (y==1)) return 1; if (x==y) return x; if (x > y) return SomeFunction(x-y, y); if (y > x) return SomeFunction (x, y-x); } The value returned by $\textrm{SomeFunction(15, 255)}$ is __________
5
Consider the following $\text{ANSI C}$ program: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct Node{ int value; struct Node *next;}; int main( ) { struct Node *boxE, *head, *boxN; int index=0; boxE=head= (struct Node *) malloc(sizeof(struct Node)) ... $\textsf{return}$ which will be reported as an error by the compiler It dereferences an uninitialized pointer that may result in a run-time error
6
Consider the following $\text{ANSI C}$ program #include <stdio.h> int foo(int x, int y, int q) { if ((x<=0) && (y<=0)) return q; if (x<=0) return foo(x, y-q, q); if (y<=0) return foo(x-q, y, q); return foo(x, y-q, q) + foo(x-q, y, q); } int main( ) { int r = foo(15, 15, 10); printf(“%d”, r); return 0; } The output of the program upon execution is _________
7
Let $P$ be an array containing $n$ integers. Let $t$ be the lowest upper bound on the number of comparisons of the array elements, required to find the minimum and maximum values in an arbitrary array of $n$ elements. Which one of the following choices is correct? $t>2n-2$ ... $t>n \text{ and } t\leq 3\lceil \frac{n}{2}\rceil$ $t>\lceil \log_2(n)\rceil \text{ and } t\leq n$
1 vote
8
Consider the following statements. $S_1$: The sequence of procedure calls corresponds to a preorder traversal of the activation tree. $S_2$: The sequence of procedure returns corresponds to a postorder traversal of the activation tree. Which one of the following options is correct? $S_1$ is true and ... $S_2$ is true $S_1$ is true and $S_2$ is true $S_1$ is false and $S_2$ is false
9
A binary search tree $T$ contains $n$ distinct elements. What is the time complexity of picking an element in $T$ that is smaller than the maximum element in $T$? $\Theta(n\log n)$ $\Theta(n)$ $\Theta(\log n)$ $\Theta (1)$
10
Consider the following sequence of operations on an empty stack. $\textsf{push}(54);\textsf{push}(52);\textsf{pop}();\textsf{push}(55);\textsf{push}(62);\textsf{s}=\textsf{pop}();$ ... $\textsf{s+q}$ is ___________.
11
Consider the following$\text{ ANSI C}$ program. #include <stdio.h> int main() { int i, j, count; count=0; i=0; for (j=-3; j<=3; j++) { if (( j >= 0) && (i++)) count = count + j; } count = count + ... will compile successfully and output $10$ when executed The program will compile successfully and output $8$ when executed The program will compile successfully and output $13$ when executed
12
An $articulation$ $point$ in a connected graph is a vertex such that removing the vertex and its incident edges disconnects the graph into two or more connected components. Let $T$ be a $\text{DFS}$ tree obtained by doing $\text{DFS}$ in a connected undirected graph $G$. Which of the following ... and $y$ is a descendent of $u$ in $T$, then all paths from $x$ to $y$ in $G$ must pass through $u$.
13
Consider the following $\text{ANSI C}$ function: int SimpleFunction(int Y[], int n, int x) { int total = Y[0], loopIndex; for (loopIndex=1; loopIndex<=n-1; loopIndex++) total=x*total +Y[loopIndex]; return total; } Let $\textsf{Z}$ be an array of $10$ elements with $\textsf{Z}[i]=1$, for all $i$ such that $0 \leq i \leq 9$. The value returned by $\textsf{SimpleFunction(Z},10,2)$ is __________
1 vote
14
Consider the following pseudo-code fragment, where $a$ and $b$ are integer variables that have been initialized: /* Pre-conditions : $(a > 1 \wedge a < b)$ */ /* Assume that overflow never occurs */ int $x=0$; int $p=1$; while $(p<b) \{$ $p=p*a$; $x=x+1$; $\}$ ... $\lfloor \: \: \rfloor$ means floor */ $\lfloor \log_a^b \rfloor$ /* $\lceil \: \: \rceil$ means ceil */
15
Suppose you are compiling on a machine with $1$-byte chars, $2$-byte shorts, $4$-byte ints, and $8$-byte doubles, and with alignment rules that require the address of every primitive data element to be an integer multiple of the element's size. Suppose further that the compiler is not ... ; double r; int i; } A[10]; /*10 element array of structs */ $150$ bytes $320$ bytes $240$ bytes $200$ bytes
16
A complete $n$-ary tree is a tree in which each node has $n$ children or no children. Let $I$ be the number of internal nodes and $L$ be the number of leaves in a complete $n$-ary tree. If $L=41$, and $I=10$, what is the value of $n$? $3$ $4$ $5$ $6$
17
In a binary max heap containing $n$ numbers, the smallest element can be found in ______ $O(n)$ $O(\log _2 n)$ $O(1)$ $O(\log_2 \log_2 n)$
Which of the following statements are true? Minimax search is breadth-first; it processes all the nodes at a level before moving to a node in next level. The effectiveness of the alpha-beta pruning is highly dependent on the order in which the states are examined The alpha-beta search algorithms computes the same ... and $(c)$ only $(a)$ and $(d)$ only $(b)$ and $(c)$ only $(c)$ and $(d)$ only
Match $\text{List I}$ with $\text{List II}$ Let $R_1=\{(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)\}$ and $R_2=\{(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4)\}$ ... answer from the options given below: $A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III$ $A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II$ $A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV$ $A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III$
An external variable is globally accessible by all functions has a declaration “extern” associated with it when declared within a function will be initialized to $0$ if not initialized all of these