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Recent questions tagged context-free-grammars

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Recent questions tagged context-free-grammars

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1
NIELIT 2017 OCT Scientific Assistant A (CS) - Section B: 10
Consider an $\varepsilon$-tree CFG. If for every pair of productions $A\rightarrow u$ and $A\rightarrow v$ If $\text{FIRST(u)} \cap \text{FIRST(v)}$ is empty then the CFG has to be $LL(1).$ If the CFG is $LL(1)$ then $\text{FIRST(u)} \cap \text{FIRST(v)}$ has to be empty. Both $(A)$ and $(B)$ None of the above
Consider an $\varepsilon$-tree CFG. If for every pair of productions $A\rightarrow u$ and $A\rightarrow v$ If $\text{FIRST(u)} \cap \text{FIRST(v)}$ is empty then the CFG has to be $LL(1).$ If the CFG is $LL(1)$ then $\text{FIRST(u)} \cap \text{FIRST(v)}$ has to be empty. Both $(A)$ and $(B)$ None of the above
asked Apr 1, 2020 in Compiler Design Lakshman Patel RJIT 247 views
0 votes
1 answer
3
NIELIT 2017 DEC Scientist B - Section B: 7
Let $G$ be a grammar in CFG and let $W_1,W_2\in L(G)$ such that $\mid W_1\mid=\mid W_2\mid$ then which of the following statements is true? Any derivation of $W_1$ has exactly the same number of steps as any derivation ... $W_1$ may be shorter than the derivation of $W_2$ None of the options
Let $G$ be a grammar in CFG and let $W_1,W_2\in L(G)$ such that $\mid W_1\mid=\mid W_2\mid$ then which of the following statements is true? Any derivation of $W_1$ has exactly the same number of steps as any derivation of $W_2$. Different derivation have different length. Some derivation of $W_1$ may be shorter than the derivation of $W_2$ None of the options
asked Mar 30, 2020 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 289 views
0 votes
0 answers
5
UGCNET-Jan2017-III: 22
Let $G= (V,T,S,P)$ be a context-free grammer such that every one of its productions is of the form $A\rightarrow v$, with $\mid v \mid=K> 1$. The derivation tree for any $W \in L(G)$ has a height $h$ ... $\log_{K}|W \mid \leq h \leq \left (\frac{ \mid W \mid - 1}{K-1} \right)$
Let $G= (V,T,S,P)$ be a context-free grammer such that every one of its productions is of the form $A\rightarrow v$, with $\mid v \mid=K> 1$. The derivation tree for any $W \in L(G)$ has a height $h$ ... $\log_{K}|W \mid \leq h \leq \left (\frac{ \mid W \mid - 1}{K-1} \right)$
asked Mar 24, 2020 in Theory of Computation jothee 173 views
1 vote
4 answers
6
ISRO2020-39
The language which is generated by the grammar $S \rightarrow aSa \mid bSb \mid a \mid b$ over the alphabet of $\{a,b\}$ is the set of Strings that begin and end with the same symbol All odd and even length palindromes All odd length palindromes All even length palindromes
The language which is generated by the grammar $S \rightarrow aSa \mid bSb \mid a \mid b$ over the alphabet of $\{a,b\}$ is the set of Strings that begin and end with the same symbol All odd and even length palindromes All odd length palindromes All even length palindromes
asked Jan 13, 2020 in Theory of Computation Satbir 321 views
3 votes
0 answers
7
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 5 Question 36 (Page No. 242)
Say that a $CFG$ is minimal if none of its rules can be removed without changing the language generated. Let $MIN_{CFG} = \{\langle G \rangle \mid \text{G is a minimal CFG}\}$. Show that $MIN_{CFG}$ is $T-$recognizable. Show that $MIN_{CFG}$ is undecidable.
Say that a $CFG$ is minimal if none of its rules can be removed without changing the language generated. Let $MIN_{CFG} = \{\langle G \rangle \mid \text{G is a minimal CFG}\}$. Show that $MIN_{CFG}$ is $T-$recognizable. Show that $MIN_{CFG}$ is undecidable.
asked Oct 20, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 251 views
0 votes
0 answers
8
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 5 Question 32 (Page No. 241)
Prove that the following two languages are undecidable. $OVERLAP_{CFG} = \{\langle G, H\rangle \mid \text{G and H are CFGs where}\: L(G) \cap L(H) \neq \emptyset\}$. $PREFIX-FREE_{CFG} = \{\langle G \rangle \mid \text{G is a CFG where L(G) is prefix-free}\}$.
Prove that the following two languages are undecidable. $OVERLAP_{CFG} = \{\langle G, H\rangle \mid \text{G and H are CFGs where}\: L(G) \cap L(H) \neq \emptyset\}$. $PREFIX-FREE_{CFG} = \{\langle G \rangle \mid \text{G is a CFG where L(G) is prefix-free}\}$.
asked Oct 20, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 134 views
0 votes
0 answers
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Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 5 Question 21 (Page No. 240)
Let $AMBIG_{CFG} = \{\langle G \rangle \mid \text{G is an ambiguous CFG}\}$. Show that $AMBIG_{CFG}$ is undecidable. (Hint: Use a reduction from $PCP$ ... $a_{1},\dots,a_{k}$ are new terminal symbols. Prove that this reduction works.)
Let $AMBIG_{CFG} = \{\langle G \rangle \mid \text{G is an ambiguous CFG}\}$. Show that $AMBIG_{CFG}$ is undecidable. (Hint: Use a reduction from $PCP$ ... $a_{1},\dots,a_{k}$ are new terminal symbols. Prove that this reduction works.)
asked Oct 19, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 64 views
0 votes
0 answers
12
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 4 Question 31 (Page No. 212)
Say that a variable $A$ in $CFL\: G$ is usable if it appears in some derivation of some string $w \in G$. Given a $CFG\: G$ and a variable $A$, consider the problem of testing whether $A$ is usable. Formulate this problem as a language and show that it is decidable.
Say that a variable $A$ in $CFL\: G$ is usable if it appears in some derivation of some string $w \in G$. Given a $CFG\: G$ and a variable $A$, consider the problem of testing whether $A$ is usable. Formulate this problem as a language and show that it is decidable.
asked Oct 17, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 138 views
0 votes
0 answers
13
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 4 Question 29 (Page No. 212)
Let $C_{CFG} = \{\langle G, k \rangle \mid \text{ G is a CFG and L(G) contains exactly $k$ strings where $k \geq 0$ or $k = \infty$}\}$. Show that $C_{CFG}$ is decidable.
Let $C_{CFG} = \{\langle G, k \rangle \mid \text{ G is a CFG and L(G) contains exactly $k$ strings where $k \geq 0$ or $k = \infty$}\}$. Show that $C_{CFG}$ is decidable.
asked Oct 17, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 72 views
0 votes
0 answers
14
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 4 Question 28 (Page No. 212)
Let $C = \{ \langle G, x \rangle \mid \text{G is a CFG $x$ is a substring of some $y \in L(G)$}\}$. Show that $C$ is decidable. (Hint: An elegant solution to this problem uses the decider for $E_{CFG}$.)
Let $C = \{ \langle G, x \rangle \mid \text{G is a CFG $x$ is a substring of some $y \in L(G)$}\}$. Show that $C$ is decidable. (Hint: An elegant solution to this problem uses the decider for $E_{CFG}$.)
asked Oct 17, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 44 views
0 votes
0 answers
15
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 2 Question 59 (Page No. 160)
If we disallow $\epsilon$-rules in CFGs, we can simplify the DK-test. In the simplified test,we only need to check that each of DK’s accept states has a single rule. Prove that a CFG without $\epsilon$-rules passes the simplified DK-test iff it is a DCFG.
If we disallow $\epsilon$-rules in CFGs, we can simplify the DK-test. In the simplified test,we only need to check that each of DK’s accept states has a single rule. Prove that a CFG without $\epsilon$-rules passes the simplified DK-test iff it is a DCFG.
asked Oct 13, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 56 views
0 votes
0 answers
16
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 2 Question 55 (Page No. 159)
Let $G_{1}$ be the following grammar that we introduced in Example $2.45$. Use the DK-test to show that $G_{1}$ is not a DCFG. $R \rightarrow S \mid T$ $S \rightarrow aSb \mid ab$ $T \rightarrow aTbb \mid abb$
Let $G_{1}$ be the following grammar that we introduced in Example $2.45$. Use the DK-test to show that $G_{1}$ is not a DCFG. $R \rightarrow S \mid T$ $S \rightarrow aSb \mid ab$ $T \rightarrow aTbb \mid abb$
asked Oct 13, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 41 views
0 votes
0 answers
17
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 2 Question 54 (Page No. 159)
Let G be the following grammar: $S \rightarrow T\dashv $ $T \rightarrow T aT b \mid T bT a | \epsilon$ Show that $L(G) = \{w\dashv \: \mid w\: \text{contains equal numbers of a’s and b’s} \}$. Use a proof by induction on the length of $w$. Use the DK-test to show that G is a DCFG. Describe a DPDA that recognizes L(G).
Let G be the following grammar: $S \rightarrow T\dashv $ $T \rightarrow T aT b \mid T bT a | \epsilon$ Show that $L(G) = \{w\dashv \: \mid w\: \text{contains equal numbers of a’s and b’s} \}$. Use a proof by induction on the length of $w$. Use the DK-test to show that G is a DCFG. Describe a DPDA that recognizes L(G).
asked Oct 13, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 48 views
0 votes
0 answers
20
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 2 Question 47 (Page No. 159)
Let $\Sigma = \{0,1\}$ and let $B$ be the collection of strings that contain at least one $1$ in their second half. In other words, $B = \{uv \mid u \in \Sigma^{\ast}, v \in \Sigma^{\ast}1\Sigma^{\ast}\: \text{and} \mid u \mid \geq \mid v \mid \}$. Give a PDA that recognizes $B$. Give a CFG that generates $B$.
Let $\Sigma = \{0,1\}$ and let $B$ be the collection of strings that contain at least one $1$ in their second half. In other words, $B = \{uv \mid u \in \Sigma^{\ast}, v \in \Sigma^{\ast}1\Sigma^{\ast}\: \text{and} \mid u \mid \geq \mid v \mid \}$. Give a PDA that recognizes $B$. Give a CFG that generates $B$.
asked Oct 13, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 263 views
0 votes
0 answers
21
Michael Sipser Edition 3 Exercise 2 Question 46 (Page No. 158)
Consider the following CFG $G:$ $S \rightarrow SS \mid T$ $T \rightarrow aT b \mid ab$ Describe $L(G)$ and show that $G$ is ambiguous. Give an unambiguous grammar $H$ where $L(H) = L(G)$ and sketch a proof that $H$ is unambiguous.
Consider the following CFG $G:$ $S \rightarrow SS \mid T$ $T \rightarrow aT b \mid ab$ Describe $L(G)$ and show that $G$ is ambiguous. Give an unambiguous grammar $H$ where $L(H) = L(G)$ and sketch a proof that $H$ is unambiguous.
asked Oct 12, 2019 in Theory of Computation Lakshman Patel RJIT 144 views
0 votes
0 answers
22
Ullman (Compiler Design) Edition 2 Exercise 4.4 Question 10 (Page No. 233)
Show how, having filled in the table as in Question $4.4.9$, we can in $O(n)$ time recover a parse tree for $a_{1}a_{2}\cdot\cdot\cdot a_{n}$. Hint: modify the table so it records, for each nonterminal $A$ in each table entry $T_{ij}$, some pair of nonterminals in other table entries that justified putting $A$ in $T_{ij}$.
Show how, having filled in the table as in Question $4.4.9$, we can in $O(n)$ time recover a parse tree for $a_{1}a_{2}\cdot\cdot\cdot a_{n}$. Hint: modify the table so it records, for each nonterminal $A$ in each table entry $T_{ij}$, some pair of nonterminals in other table entries that justified putting $A$ in $T_{ij}$.
asked Aug 20, 2019 in Compiler Design Lakshman Patel RJIT 44 views
0 votes
0 answers
23
Ullman (Compiler Design) Edition 2 Exercise 4.4 Question 9 (Page No. 232)
Every language that has a context-free grammar can be recognized in at most $O(n^{3})$ time for strings of length $n$. A simple way to do so,called the Cocke- Younger-Kasami (or CYK) algorithm is based on dynamic programming. ... a_{l}a_{2}\cdot\cdot\cdot a_{n} is in the language?
Every language that has a context-free grammar can be recognized in at most $O(n^{3})$ time for strings of length $n$ ... n_{3})$ time. Having filled in the table, how do you determine whether $a_{l}a_{2}\cdot\cdot\cdot a_{n} is in the language?
asked Aug 20, 2019 in Compiler Design Lakshman Patel RJIT 38 views
0 votes
0 answers
24
Ullman (Compiler Design) Edition 2 Exercise 4.2 Question 3 (Page No. 207)
Design grammars for the following languages: The set of all strings of $0's$ and $1's$ such that every $0$ is immediately followed by at least one $1$. The set of all strings of $0's$ and $1's$ that are palindromes; that is, the string ... $1's$ of the form $xy$, where $x\neq y$ and $x$ and $y$ are of the same length.
Design grammars for the following languages: The set of all strings of $0's$ and $1's$ such that every $0$ is immediately followed by at least one $1$. The set of all strings of $0's$ and $1's$ that are palindromes; that is, the string reads the same backward as forward. The set of all ... of all strings of $0's$ and $1's$ of the form $xy$, where $x\neq y$ and $x$ and $y$ are of the same length.
asked Aug 17, 2019 in Compiler Design Lakshman Patel RJIT 84 views
1 vote
0 answers
25
Ullman (Compiler Design) Edition 2 Exercise 4.2 Question 2 (Page No. 206 - 207)
Repeat Question $4.2.1$ for each of the following grammars and strings: $S\rightarrow 0S1\mid 01$ with string $000111$. $S\rightarrow +SS\mid \ast SS\mid a$ with string $+\ast aaa$ ... $bfactor\:\rightarrow\:not\:bfactor\mid (bexpr)\mid true\mid false$
Repeat Question $4.2.1$ for each of the following grammars and strings: $S\rightarrow 0S1\mid 01$ with string $000111$. $S\rightarrow +SS\mid \ast SS\mid a$ with string $+\ast aaa$. $S\rightarrow S(S)S\mid \epsilon$ with string $(()())$ ... $bterm\:\rightarrow\:bterm\:and\:bfactor\mid bfactor$ $bfactor\:\rightarrow\:not\:bfactor\mid (bexpr)\mid true\mid false$
asked Aug 17, 2019 in Compiler Design Lakshman Patel RJIT 145 views
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