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Express following mathematical statements using predicates, quantifiers, logical connectives, and mathematical operators.

Ques:- Every positive real number has exactly two square roots.

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Let the Domain be Set of All Real Numbers. 

Then, We can write the Expression for " Every positive real number has exactly two square roots." as following :


1. $\forall x [(x >0) \rightarrow \exists y \exists z((y \neq z) \wedge (y^2 = x) \wedge (z^2 = x) \wedge \forall p((p \neq y,z) \rightarrow (p^2 \neq x)))]$

NOTE that $\forall x [(x >0) \rightarrow \exists y \exists z((y \neq z) \wedge (y^2 = x) \wedge (z^2 = x)]$ make sure that there are at least Two square roots for every positive real number and $\forall p((p \neq y,z) \rightarrow (p^2 \neq x)))]$ makes sure that there No more than Two.... So, There are Exactly Two square roots of every Positive real number.


2. $\forall x((x > 0) \rightarrow \exists y \exists z((y \neq z) \wedge \forall p((x = p^2) \leftrightarrow (p = y \vee p = z))))$

NOTE how this uses a "there exist exactly 2" quantifier :

$\exists ^{=2} x P(x) $  $\equiv$  $\exists y \exists z((y \neq z) \wedge \forall w((P(w)) \leftrightarrow (w = y \vee w = z)))$

(Note that $ \exists ^{=2} $ is the  notation here, which essentially is a "two-point generalization" of the "there is exactly one" quantifier :

$\exists ! x P(x)$ $\equiv  $ $\exists y \forall z(P(z) \leftrightarrow z = y)$ 

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