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Concept of layering.OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks; Basics of packet, circuit and virtual circuit-switching; Data link layer: framing, error detection, Medium Access Control, Ethernet bridging; Routing protocols: shortest path, flooding, distance vector and link state routing; Fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation, Basics of IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), Network Address Translation (NAT); Transport layer: flow control and congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets; Application layer protocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email.

.$$\scriptsize{\overset{{\large{\textbf{Mark Distribution in Previous GATE}}}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\textbf{Year}& \textbf{2024-1} & \textbf{2024-2} & \textbf{2023}&  \textbf{2022} & \textbf{2021-1}&\textbf{2021-2}&\textbf{Minimum}&\textbf{Average}&\textbf{Maximum}
\\\hline\textbf{1 Mark Count} & 3&3&2& 2 &1&1&1&2&3
\\\hline\textbf{2 Marks Count} & 3&3&3& 4 &4&3&3&3.33&4
\\\hline\textbf{Total Marks} & 9&9&8& 10 &9&7&\bf{7}&\bf{8.67}&\bf{10}\\\hline
\end{array}}}$$

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GATE CSE 2022 | Question: 45
Consider routing table of an organization's router shown below: ... of the subnets in the routing table? $12.20.164.0/20$ $12.20.164.0/22$ $12.20.164.0/21$ $12.20.168.0/22$
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GATE CSE 2023 | Question: 55
The forwarding table of a router is shown below. ... to a destination address $200.150 .68 .118$ arrives at the router. It will be forwarded to the interface with $\text{ID}$ __________.
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GATE CSE 2022 | Question: 12
Consider an enterprise network with two Ethernet segments, a web server and a firewall, connected via three routers as shown below. What is the number of subnets inside the enterprise network? $3$ $12$ $6$ $8$
Consider an enterprise network with two Ethernet segments, a web server and a firewall, connected via three routers as shown below.What is the number of subnets inside th...
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