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ER‐model. Relational model:Relational algebra, Tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, Normal forms. File organization, Indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.

$$\scriptsize{\overset{{\large{\textbf{Mark Distribution in Previous GATE}}}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \textbf{Year}& \textbf{2026 - 1}& \textbf{2026 - 2}& \textbf{2025 - 1}& \textbf{2025 - 2}& \textbf{2024 - 1}& \textbf{2024 - 2}& \textbf{2023}& \textbf{2022}& \textbf{2021 - 1}& \textbf{2021 - 2}&\textbf{Minimum}&\textbf{Average}&\textbf{Maximum}\\\hline \textbf{1 Mark Count}&2&2&1&1&4&4&1&3&2&1&1&2.1&4\\\hline \textbf{2 Marks Count}&2&2&3&4&2&2&2&2&3&3&2&2.5&4\\\hline \textbf{Total Marks}&6&6&8&9&8&8&5&7&8&7&\bf{5}&\bf{7.2}&\bf{9}\\\hline \end{array}}}$$

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Recent questions in Databases

8 8 votes
5 5 answers
4.4k
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GATE DA 2025 | Question: 6
​​​​​If a relational decomposition is not dependency-preserving, which one of the following relational operators will be executed more frequently in order to maintain the...
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9 9 votes
4 4 answers
2.6k
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GATE DA 2025 | Question: 7
Consider the following three relations: $\text{Car (model, year, $\underline{\text{serial}}$, color)}$ $\text{Make (maker, $\underline{\text{model}}$)}$ ...
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10 10 votes
6 6 answers
3.6k
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GATE DA 2025 | Question: 23
On a relation named $\text{Loan}$ of a bank:\[\begin{array}{|c|}\hline\textbf{Loan} \\\hline\begin{array}{c|c|c}\textbf{loan_number} & \textbf{branch_name} & \textbf{amou...
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10 10 votes
4 4 answers
2.0k
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GATE DA 2025 | Question: 46
Consider the following two relations, named $\text{Customer}$ and $\text{Person},$ in a database:Person ( aadhaar CHAR(12) PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(32)); Customer ( name...
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10 10 votes
2 2 answers
2.4k
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GATE DA 2025 | Question: 47
​​Consider a database relation $\text{R}$ with attributes $\text{ABCDEFG}$, and having the following functional dependencies:\[\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{BCEF} \quad ...
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8 8 votes
5 5 answers
3.5k
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GATE DA 2025 | Question: 52
Consider the following tables, $\text{Loan}$ and $\text{Borrower},$ of a bank.\[\begin{array}{|c|}\hline\textbf{Loan} \\\hline\begin{array}{c|c|c}\textbf{loan\_number} & ...
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26 26 votes
6 6 answers
10.6k
10.6k views
GATE CSE 2025 | Set 2 | Question: 43
Consider the database transactions T1 and T2 , and data items X and Y . Which of the schedule(s) is/are conflict serializable?$$\begin{array}{|ll|} \hline \textbf{Transa...
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33 33 votes
6 6 answers
12.3k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 2 | Question: 44
Consider the following relational schema: Students ($\underline{\text{rollno: integer}},$ name: string, age: integer, cgpa: real) Courses ($\underline{\text{courseno: int...
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29 29 votes
6 6 answers
14.0k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 2 | Question: 47
In a $\mathrm{B}^{+}$- tree where each node can hold at most four key values, a root to leaf path consists of the following nodes:\[\mathrm{A}=(49,77,83,-), \mathrm{B}=(7...
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37 37 votes
4 4 answers
10.6k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 2 | Question: 17
​​​​An audit of a banking transactions system has found that on an earlier occasion, two joint holders of account $A$ attempted simultaneous transfers of Rs. $10000$ each...
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21 21 votes
5 5 answers
9.2k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 2 | Question: 36
​​​​Consider the following relational schema along with all the functional dependencies that hold on them.\[\begin{array}{l}R 1(A, B, C, D, E):\{D \rightarrow E, E A \rig...
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20 20 votes
6 6 answers
9.0k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 1 | Question: 5
A schedule of three database transactions $T_{1}, T_{2}$, and $T_{3}$ is shown. $R_{i}(A)$ and $W_{i}(A)$ denote read and write of data item $A$ by transaction $T_{i}, i=...
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19 19 votes
3 3 answers
9.3k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 1 | Question: 11
Consider the following $B^{+}$tree with $5$ nodes, in which a node can store at most $3$ key values The value $23$ is now inserted in the $B^{+}$tree. Which of the follow...
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20 20 votes
4 4 answers
4.5k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 1 | Question: 29
Consider two relations describing teams and players in a sports league:teams(tid, tname): tid, tname are team-id and team-name, respectivelyplayers(pid,pname,tid): pid, p...
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17 17 votes
3 3 answers
7.0k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 1 | Question: 37
Consider a relational schema team $\text{(name,city,owner)}$, with functional dependencies $\{\text{name} \rightarrow \text{city}, \text{name} \rightarrow \text{owner} \}...
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17 17 votes
5 5 answers
7.7k
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GATE CSE 2025 | Set 1 | Question: 45
Consider the following database tables of a sports league.player (pid, pname, age) team(tid, tname, city, cid) coach (cid, cname) members (pid,tid)An instance of the tabl...
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0 0 votes
1 1 answer
554
554 views
PW DPP DBMS - BCNF Decomposition
Consider a relation R(ABCD) where {AB - CD, D - A}. Check for BCNF, and if found to be violating it's conditions, decompose and tell the candidate keys for each table.
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0 0 votes
1 1 answer
493
493 views
i have a doubt in this question, i think ans should be b but answer key says d, can someone clarify
If table R has only one candidate key, then which of the following is always true?R is in 2NF, but is not in 3NFR is in 3NF, it is also in BCNFR is in 2NF, bu...
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1 1 vote
1 1 answer
678
678 views
PW DPP DBMS Minimal/Canonical cover
Consider the following FD set : { P - QR, Q - PR, R - PQ}Which of the following is/are the minimal cover for the above FD set? A) P - Q, Q - R, R - PB) P - R, Q - R, R - ...
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1 1 vote
2 answers 2 answers
849
849 views
Will this FD be in 2NF?? R(A,B,C,D,E,F) FDs={AB -> DECF, DE -> ABCF, AD -> C} , Justify.
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