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ER‐model. Relational model:Relational algebra, Tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, Normal forms. File organization, Indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.

$$\scriptsize{\overset{{\large{\textbf{Mark Distribution in Previous GATE}}}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \textbf{Year}& \textbf{2026 - 1}& \textbf{2026 - 2}& \textbf{2025 - 1}& \textbf{2025 - 2}& \textbf{2024 - 1}& \textbf{2024 - 2}& \textbf{2023}& \textbf{2022}& \textbf{2021 - 1}& \textbf{2021 - 2}&\textbf{Minimum}&\textbf{Average}&\textbf{Maximum}\\\hline \textbf{1 Mark Count}&2&2&1&1&4&4&1&3&2&1&1&2.1&4\\\hline \textbf{2 Marks Count}&2&2&3&4&2&2&2&2&3&3&2&2.5&4\\\hline \textbf{Total Marks}&6&6&8&9&8&8&5&7&8&7&\bf{5}&\bf{7.2}&\bf{9}\\\hline \end{array}}}$$

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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Record Size
Consider,CREATE TABLE zoomers ( lecture_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, week INTEGER NOT NULL, topic VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, num_thanks INTEGER, poppin_chat BOOLEAN );Assume,intege...
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32
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Fixed-Length Records
Consider the following statement:In fixed-length records, a character field of type $\mathrm{CHAR}$ is not allowed.Enter $1$ if the statement is true and $0$ if it is fal...
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1 1 answer
30
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Variable-length Fields
Consider,Universities( name TEXT, abbrev CHAR(3), addr TEXT, zip CHAR(5), phone TEXT, enrolled INTEGER )Assume,record header = $4$ bytes, integer = $4$ bytes, a $\mathrm{...
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1 1 answer
27
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Variable-Length Record
Which of the following are benefits of using a record header for variable-length records?Delimiter characters between fields are not required. It always uses equal or les...
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1 1 answer
31
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Variable-Length Record
Consider:CREATE TABLE products ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, stock INTEGER NOT NULL, price INTEGER NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, category CHAR(6) NOT NULL, serial_numb...
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1 1 answer
51
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | C-LOOK
A disk has cylinders $:0\mathrm{\ to\ }999$The current head position is $:253$Pending requests are:$$98,\ 120,\ 283,\ 137,\ 352,\ 414,\ 29,\ 665,\ 867,\ 919,\ 534,\ 737$$...
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1 1 answer
60
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Disk Scheduling
The designer of an operating system noticed, after performance measurements, that the system presented disk access problems, with a very high average waiting time. Select...
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54
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | C-SCAN
A disk contains $\mathbf{400}$ tracks, numbered : $0\mathrm{\ to\ }399$A request at track $200$ has just been completed. The head is now moving toward smaller track numbe...
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23
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | SCAN Service Order
The disk head is currently at track : $105$ and is moving toward larger track numbers.Pending requests are:$$35,\ 45,\ 12,\ 68,\ 110,\ 180,\ 170,\ 195$$If SCAN scheduling...
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42
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Disk Scheduling
A magnetic-disk head is currently at cylinder : $100$Pending requests are:$120,\ 90,\ 70,\ 80,\ 140,\ 110,\ 60$The scheduling method follows these rules:requests may be r...
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2 2 answers
55
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Disk Scheduling
Which of the following statements about magnetic-disk arm scheduling is incorrect?FCFS handles requests according to arrival order and is considered fair, although it gen...
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34
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | SSTF vs FCFS
Consider the following statement:If disk requests are scheduled using SSTF, the seek time will increase compared with FCFS. Furthermore, the elevator algorithm is not rec...
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50
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | SSTF Head-Movement
A disk has $200$ tracks numbered $0$ through $199$.The disk head is currently at track $:184$Disk requests arrive for:$184,\ 187,\ 176,\ 182,\ 199$If SSTF scheduling is u...
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41
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Disk Scheduling
Suppose a disk repeatedly services requests for one particular track while requests for other tracks remain unserved. This phenomenon is called disk-arm sticking.Which of...
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1 1 answer
47
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Disk Scheduling
Which disk scheduling algorithm selects the pending request requiring the smallest movement of the disk arm from its current position, thereby choosing the minimum seek t...
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1 1 answer
49
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Magnetic Disk
A computer scientist wants to determine the time required to read an entire magnetic disk.Assume:$2400$ cylinders $6$ tracks per cylinder $32$ sectors per track one compl...
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1 1 answer
44
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Magnetic Disk Structure
Which of the following statements about magnetic disk storage is incorrect?The formatted capacity of a disk is smaller than its unformatted capacity. A sector contains in...
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1 1 answer
44
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Magnetic Disk
A disk has:rotational speed $=7200\ \mathrm{rpm}$ average seek time $=8\ \mathrm{ms}$ sectors per track $=1000$Approximately how much time is required, on average, to acc...
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1 1 vote
1 1 answer
39
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Disk Waiting Time
A magnetic disk rotates at $4200\ \mathrm{rpm}$. Its average positioning time is $5\ \mathrm{ms}$The average waiting time is defined as:$$\mathrm{Average\ positioning\ ti...
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34
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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS, DA | DBMS | Magnetic Disk Structure
A magnetic disk has a sector size of $\mathbf{512}$ bytes. Each sector is identified by a $\mathbf{28}$-bit sector number.What is the maximum disk capacity that can be ma...
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