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ER‐model. Relational model:Relational algebra, Tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, Normal forms. File organization, Indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.
$$\small{\overset{{\large{\textbf{Mark Distribution in Previous GATE}}}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\textbf{Year}&\textbf{2019}&\textbf{2018}&\textbf{2017-1}&\textbf{2017-2}&\textbf{2016-1}&\textbf{2016-2}&\textbf{Minimum}&\textbf{Average}&\textbf{Maximum}
\\\hline\textbf{1 Mark Count}&2&2&2&2&3&2&2&2.2&3
\\\hline\textbf{2 Marks Count}&3&2&3&3&1&2&1&2.3&3
\\\hline\textbf{Total Marks}&8&6&8&8&5&6&\bf{6}&\bf{6.8}&\bf{8}\\\hline
\end{array}}}$$
