Recent questions without answers / GATE Overflow for GATE CSE

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5431

Allen Career Institute:Aptitude
The vast majority of south Korean youngster's graduate from high school and of these, 82% go on to university. This is the highest rate in the OECD and for a country which had an adult literacy rate of just 22% in 1945, it ... in both the years compared were almost same (4) The proportion of unemployed in recent times has increased exponentially compared to 1945

The vast majority of south Korean youngster's graduate from high school and of these, 82% go on to university. This is the highest rate in the OECD and for a country whic...

srestha

407 views

srestha asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5432

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 11 (Page No. 540)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of providing mandatory locks instead of advisory locks whose use is left to users’ discretion?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of providing mandatorylocks instead of advisory locks whose use is left to users’ discretion?

ajaysoni1924

462 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5433

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 10 (Page No. 540)
The open-file table is used to maintain information about files that are currently open. Should the operating system maintain a separate table for each user or maintain just one table that contains references to files that are ... accessed by two different programs or users, should there be separate entries in the open-file table? Explain.

The open-file table is used to maintain information about files that arecurrently open. Should the operating system maintain a separate tablefor each user or maintain jus...

ajaysoni1924

380 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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5434

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 9 (Page No. 540)
Consider a file system in which a file can be deleted and its disk space reclaimed while links to that file still exist.What problems may occur if a new file is created in the same storage area or with the same absolute path name? How can these problems be avoided?

Consider a file system in which a file can be deleted and its disk spacereclaimed while links to that file still exist.What problems may occur ifa new file is created in ...

ajaysoni1924

497 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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5435

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 8 (Page No. 539)
Researchers have suggested that, instead of having an access list associated with each file (specifying which users can access the file, and how), we should have a user control list associated with each user (specifying which files a user can access, and how). Discuss the relative merits of these two schemes.

Researchers have suggested that, instead of having an access listassociated with each file (specifying which users can access the file,and how), we should have a user con...

ajaysoni1924

353 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5436

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 7 (Page No. 539)
Consider a system that supports 5,000 users. Suppose that you want to allow 4,990 of these users to be able to access one file. a. How would you specify this protection scheme in UNIX? b. Can you suggest another protection scheme that can be used more effectively for this purpose than the scheme provided by UNIX?

Consider a system that supports 5,000 users. Suppose that you want toallow 4,990 of these users to be able to access one file.a. How would you specify this protection sch...

ajaysoni1924

324 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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5437

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 6 (Page No. 539)
In some systems, a subdirectory can be read and written by an authorized user, just as ordinary files can be. a. Describe the protection problems that could arise. b. Suggest a scheme for dealing with each of these protection problems.

In some systems, a subdirectory can be read and written by anauthorized user, just as ordinary files can be.a. Describe the protection problems that could arise.b. Sugges...

ajaysoni1924

268 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5438

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 5 (Page No. 539)
Explain the purpose of the open() and close() operations.

Explain the purpose of the open() and close() operations.

ajaysoni1924

146 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5439

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 4 (Page No. 539)
Could you simulate a multilevel directory structure with a single-level directory structure in which arbitrarily long names can be used? If your answer is yes, explain how you can do so, and contrast this scheme with the ... what prevents your simulation's success. How would your answer change if file names were limited to seven characters?

Could you simulate a multilevel directory structure with a single-leveldirectory structure in which arbitrarily long names can be used? If youranswer is yes, explain how ...

ajaysoni1924

251 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5440

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 2 (Page No. 539)
Why do some systems keep track of the type of a file, while others leave it to the user and others simply do not implement multiple file types? Which system is better ? 3- Similarly, some systems support many types of ... a file's data, while others simply support a stream of bytes. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach?

Why do some systems keep track of the type of a file, while others leaveit to the user and others simply do not implement multiple file types?Which system is “better”...

ajaysoni1924

186 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5441

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 11 Question 1 (Page No. 539)
Some systems automatically delete all user files when a user logs off or a job terminates, unless the user explicitly requests that they be kept. Other systems keep all files unless the user explicitly deletes them. Discuss the relative merits of each approach.

Some systems automatically delete all user files when a user logs off ora job terminates, unless the user explicitly requests that they be kept.Other systems keep all fil...

ajaysoni1924

246 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

0 votes

0 answers

5442

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 19 (Page No. 583)
Explain why logging metadata updates ensures recovery of a file system after a file-system crash.

Explain why logging metadata updates ensures recovery of a file system after a file-system crash.

ajaysoni1924

260 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5443

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 18 (Page No. 583)
Assume that in a particular augmentation of a remote-file-access protocol, each client maintains a name cache that caches translations from file names to corresponding file handles. What issues should we take into account in implementing the name cache?

Assume that in a particular augmentation of a remote-file-accessprotocol, each client maintains a name cache that caches translationsfrom file names to corresponding file...

ajaysoni1924

382 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5444

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 17 (Page No. 582)
Fragmentation on a storage device can be eliminated by recompaction of the information. Typical disk devices do not have relocation or base registers (such as those used when memory is to be compacted), so how can we relocate files? Give three reasons why recompacting and relocation of files are often avoided.

Fragmentation on a storage device can be eliminated by recompactionof the information. Typical disk devices do not have relocation or baseregisters (such as those used wh...

ajaysoni1924

410 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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5445

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 16 (Page No. 583)
Consider a file system that uses inodes to represent files. Disk blocks are 8 KB in size, and a pointer to a disk block requires 4 bytes. This file system has 12 direct disk blocks, as well as single, double, and triple indirect disk blocks. What is the maximum size of a file that can be stored in this file system?

Consider a file system that uses inodes to represent files. Disk blocksare 8 KB in size, and a pointer to a disk block requires 4 bytes. This filesystem has 12 direct dis...

ajaysoni1924

336 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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5446

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 15 (Page No. 583)
Consider a file system on a disk that has both logical and physical block sizes of 512 bytes. Assume that the information about each file is already in memory. For each of the three allocation strategies (contiguous, linked, and indexed) ... was block 10) and want to access logical block 4, how many physical blocks must be read from the disk?

Consider a file system on a disk that has both logical and physicalblock sizes of 512 bytes. Assume that the information about eachfile is already in memory. For each of ...

ajaysoni1924

601 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5447

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 14 (Page No. 582)
Discuss how performance optimizations for file systems might result in difficulties in maintaining the consistency of the systems in the event of computer crashes

Discuss how performance optimizations for file systems might resultin difficulties in maintaining the consistency of the systems in the eventof computer crashes

ajaysoni1924

200 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5448

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 13 (Page No. 582)
Some file systems allow disk storage to be allocated at different levels of granularity. For instance, a file system could allocate 4 KB of disk space as a single 4-KB block or as eight 512-byte blocks. How could we ... performance? What modifications would have to be made to the free-space management scheme in order to support this feature?

Some file systems allow disk storage to be allocated at different levelsof granularity. For instance, a file system could allocate 4 KB of diskspace as a single 4-KB bloc...

ajaysoni1924

308 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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5449

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 12 (Page No. 582)
Consider a system where free space is kept in a free-space list. a. Suppose that the pointer to the free-space list is lost. Can the system reconstruct the free-space list? Explain your answer. b. Consider a file system ... currently being cached. c. Suggest a scheme to ensure that the pointer is never lost as a result of memory failure.

Consider a system where free space is kept in a free-space list.a. Suppose that the pointer to the free-space list is lost. Can thesystem reconstruct the free-space list?...

ajaysoni1924

668 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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5450

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 11 (Page No. 582)
What are the advantages of the variant of linked allocation that uses a FAT to chain together the blocks of a file?

What are the advantages of the variant of linked allocation that uses aFAT to chain together the blocks of a file?

ajaysoni1924

267 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5451

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 10 (Page No. 582)
Contrast the performance of the three techniques for allocating disk blocks (contiguous, linked, and indexed) for both sequential and random file access.

Contrast the performance of the three techniques for allocating diskblocks (contiguous, linked, and indexed) for both sequential andrandom file access.

ajaysoni1924

229 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5452

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 9 (Page No. 582)
Consider a file system that uses a modifed contiguous-allocation scheme with support for extents. A file is a collection of extents, with each extent corresponding to a contiguous set of blocks. A key issue in such systems is the ... size and are allocated dynamically. c. Extents can be of a few fixed sizes, and these sizes are predetermined.

Consider a file system that uses a modifed contiguous-allocation scheme with support for extents. A file is a collection of extents, with each extent corresponding to a c...

ajaysoni1924

271 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

0 votes

0 answers

5453

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 8 (Page No. 582)
Explain how the VFS layer allows an operating system to support multiple types of file systems easily.

Explain how the VFS layer allows an operating system to support multiple types of file systems easily.

ajaysoni1924

127 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

0 votes

0 answers

5454

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 7 (Page No. 582)
Why is it advantageous to the user for an operating system to dynamically allocate its internal tables? What are the penalties to the operating system for doing so?

Why is it advantageous to the user for an operating system to dynamicallyallocate its internal tables? What are the penalties to the operatingsystem for doing so?

ajaysoni1924

133 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

0 votes

0 answers

5455

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 6 (Page No. 582)
How do caches help improve performance? Why do systems not use more or larger caches if they are so useful?

How do caches help improve performance? Why do systems not usemore or larger caches if they are so useful?

ajaysoni1924

128 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

0 votes

0 answers

5456

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 5 (Page No. 581)
One problem with contiguous allocation is that the user must preallocate enough space for each file. If the file grows to be larger than the space allocated for it, special actions must be taken. One solution ... another overflow area is allocated. Compare this implementation of a file with the standard contiguous and linked implementations.

One problem with contiguous allocation is that the user must preallocateenough space for each file. If the file grows to be larger than thespace allocated for it, special...

ajaysoni1924

323 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

0 votes

0 answers

5457

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 4 (Page No. 581)
Consider a system that supports the strategies of contiguous, linked, and indexed allocation. What criteria should be used in deciding which strategy is best utilized for a particular file?

Consider a system that supports the strategies of contiguous, linked,and indexed allocation. What criteria should be used in deciding whichstrategy is best utilized for a...

ajaysoni1924

267 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5458

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 3 (Page No. 581)
Why must the bit map for file allocation be kept on mass storage, rather than in main memory?

Why must the bit map for file allocation be kept on mass storage, ratherthan in main memory?

ajaysoni1924

158 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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0 answers

5459

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 2 (Page No. 581)
What problems could occur if a system allowed a file system to be mounted simultaneously at more than one location?

What problems could occur if a system allowed a file system to bemounted simultaneously at more than one location?

ajaysoni1924

236 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

1 votes

0 answers

5460

Galvin Edition 9 Exercise 12 Question 1 (Page No. 581)
Consider a file currently consisting of 100 blocks. Assume that the filecontrol block (and the index block, in the case of indexed allocation) is already in memory. Calculate how many disk I/O operations are required for contiguous, linked, ... from the beginning. e. The block is removed from the middle. f. The block is removed from the end.

Consider a file currently consisting of 100 blocks. Assume that the filecontrolblock (and the index block, in the case of indexed allocation)is already in memory. Calcula...

ajaysoni1924

520 views

ajaysoni1924 asked Mar 22, 2019

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