“Polynomially greater” check of sqrt(n) vs n:
We say f(n) is polynomially greater than g(n) if

Now check:

That is indeed a polynomial factor (with ε=0.5).
“Polynomially greater” check of 1 vs logn:

For polynomially greater, we need:

But:
For any ε>0, nε eventually grows much faster than logn.
So no such ε exists.
So: logn grows faster than 1, but NOT by a polynomial factor.