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With respect to a TCP connection between a client and a server, which one of the following statements is true?

  1. The client and server use a two-way handshake mechanism before the start of data transmission
  2. The server cannot initiate closing of the connection before the client initiates closing of the connection
  3. The TCP connection is half-duplex
  4. The client and server can initiate closing of the connection at the same time

4 Answers

13 13 votes

$\textbf{Answer: (D) The client and server can initiate closing of the connection at the same time}$

$\textbf{Explanation:}$

$\textbf{(A) Incorrect}$

TCP uses a $\textbf{3-way handshake}$ for connection establishment, not a two-way handshake.

\[\text{Client} \rightarrow \text{Server} : SYN\]
\[\text{Server} \rightarrow \text{Client} : SYN + ACK\]
\[\text{Client} \rightarrow \text{Server} : ACK\]


$\textbf{(B) Incorrect}$

In TCP, either client or server can initiate connection termination using $\textbf{FIN segments}$. There is no restriction that only the client can initiate closing. Both client and server can initiate termination, even simultaneously.

$\textbf{(C) Incorrect}$

TCP is a $\textbf{full duplex, connection-oriented protocol}$, not half duplex. Both sender and receiver can transmit data simultaneously.

$\textbf{(D) Correct}$

Either client or server can initiate connection termination using $\textbf{FIN segments}$. Both sides can even initiate termination simultaneously.

TCP connection termination follows a $\textbf{4-way handshake}$:

\[
\begin{array}{c|c}
\textbf{Client Initiation} & \textbf{Server Initiation} \\
\hline
\text{Client} \rightarrow \text{Server} : FIN & \text{Server} \rightarrow \text{Client} : FIN \\
\text{Server} \rightarrow \text{Client} : ACK & \text{Client} \rightarrow \text{Server} : ACK \\
\text{Server} \rightarrow \text{Client} : FIN & \text{Client} \rightarrow \text{Server} : FIN \\
\text{Client} \rightarrow \text{Server} : ACK & \text{Server} \rightarrow \text{Client} : ACK \\
\end{array}
\]

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6 6 votes

Option-$\mathbf{A}$
The client and server use a two-way handshake mechanism before the start of data transmission

Ans : False
Reason : Before data transfer, TCP establishes the connection using a $3$-way handshake by exchanging SYN, SYN+ACK, and ACK segments.


Option-$\mathbf{B}$
The server cannot initiate closing of the connection before the client initiates closing of the connection

Ans : False
Reason : TCP connection release can be initiated by either side (client or server).

source: forouzan


Option-$\mathbf{C}$
The TCP connection is half-duplex

Ans : False
Reason : TCP offers full-duplex service.

source: forouzan


Option-$\mathbf{D}$
The client and server can initiate closing of the connection at the same time

Ans : True
Reason : Both the ends of TCP connection may send FIN segments at the same time.

source: tanenbaum


Answer : $\mathbf{(D)}$

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