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GO Classes DPP | GATE CS | C Programming | Static Local Variable

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5 5 votes

What is the output of the following code?

#include <stdio.h>

int add(int n) {
    static int total = 1;

    total = total + n;

    return total;
}

int main() {
    int i, ans = 0;

    for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
        ans = add(i);
    }

    printf("%d", ans);

    return 0;
}

3 Answers

1 1 vote

 

Here, $\texttt{total}$ is a static local variable.

A static local variable is initialized only once and keeps its value between function calls.

Initially, $\texttt{total = 1}$.

For $\texttt{i = 1}$, function call is $\texttt{add(1)}$.

So, $\texttt{total = 1 + 1 = 2}$ and $\texttt{ans = 2}$.

For $\texttt{i = 2}$, function call is $\texttt{add(2)}$.

Now $\texttt{total}$ starts from old value $\texttt{2}$.

So, $\texttt{total = 2 + 2 = 4}$ and $\texttt{ans = 4}$.

For $\texttt{i = 3}$, function call is $\texttt{add(3)}$.

Now $\texttt{total}$ starts from old value $\texttt{4}$.

So, $\texttt{total = 4 + 3 = 7}$ and $\texttt{ans = 7}$.

Therefore, the output is $\texttt{7}$.

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