Operating system Made Easy Test series problem: fork Problem

Question

I always face problem in fork questions  please explain in detail (with theory).  Thanks 

Assume that main () calls the following function test () exactly once Void test (void)
\{
If (fork ( ) == 0)
1
printf("Gate ");
exit (0);
\}
printf ("2016");
\}

What will be the possible output?

• A. Gate 2016
  
• B. 2016 Gate
  
• C. Both (a) and (b)
  
• D. None of these

Comments

child process will print "Gate" and the parent process will print " $2016$ ". Both these processes may execute interleave manner, giving possibility of two outputs, viz. "2016Gate" and "Gate2016"

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Same explanation ad made easy gave.  Please explain fork()  system call or give some reference,  so that I can understand bttr

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for child process pid is not zero the return value will be 0

like this

let parent process pid be 23456 now fork is called so one child and one parent

now child will have pid 23458(assume) but when fork is called the return value of child will be 0 and parent will be not equal to 0

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ok..I got what u r saying..thanks for claryfying this doubt also. But now when the child process will be executed, how it will check the return value is 0 or not. I mean to check it have execute the if line, and if it will execute again fork wiil be called.

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Ans: 2016 Gate

Answer 1

Same was the case with me a long ago. But I suggest you to go through all fork questions in GO, you will surely get it. Coming to the question here when if(fork() == 0) statement executes, fork() executes and a child process is created. So, At this point of time $2$ processes are in the system (one is child process and other is the parent process). Return type of child process is $0$, but Process ID of child is returned to parent.(don't worry if you don't get this line)

int a = fork();

Here $a = 0$ for child process and $a \ne 0$ for parent process.

So, When child process execures, fork() == 0 is true and Gate  is printed. And for parent process fork() == 0 is false and  2016 is printed. And note that both of these processes will execute in some order, but that order is not known.

So, when child executes first and then parent Gate2016 will be printed and When Parent executes first and then child, 2016Gate will be printed. Hence both orders are possible and thus (C) is correct answer.

Comments

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kUiH8DG-Ao

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Thank You

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I have learned that child  process is always executed first , then why we dont know the order of execution

 

can you please explain

Answer 2

HERE THE ORDER IS OT FIXED NA PARENT PROCESS CAN EXECUTE OR A CHILD PROCESS CAN EXECUTE

Answer 3

Some clarification first, when call fork  it creates exact copy of the current program which runs on CPU independent of parent.

Both parent and child after the execution continues the execution from the same point, which is checking the value returned by the fork call. The only difference between the parent and the child will be the returned value of fork. For parent it will be the pid of the child (and not 0 as said in the question) and for child it will be 0.

Hence in this case, the if condition will evaluate TRUE for child, it will go inside the the if print the line Gate and then exit, the parent will see a non zero value, will print the 2016 and then exit. One thing to notice is that order of printing can differ as both parent and child are executing independent of each other (parent can issue a join call on the child as it knows the pid of child, which basically means that it will wait for the child to finish its operation).

In thie case, the output can be GATE2016 or 2016GATE or some garbled version of this, like GA20TE16.

However, if the code was like this:

int main(){
    int pid = fork();
    if(pid == 0){
        printf("GATE");
        exit(0);
    }
    join(pid); // not sure about the syntax
    printf("2016");
}

Then the output will always be GATE2016.

Hope this helps.