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Concept of layering.OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks; Basics of packet, circuit and virtual circuit-switching; Data link layer: framing, error detection, Medium Access Control, Ethernet bridging; Routing protocols: shortest path, flooding, distance vector and link state routing; Fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation, Basics of IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), Network Address Translation (NAT); Transport layer: flow control and congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets; Application layer protocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email.

.$$\scriptsize{\overset{{\large{\textbf{Mark Distribution in Previous GATE}}}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \textbf{Year}& \textbf{2026 - 1}& \textbf{2026 - 2}& \textbf{2025 - 1}& \textbf{2025 - 2}& \textbf{2024 - 1}& \textbf{2024 - 2}& \textbf{2023}& \textbf{2022}& \textbf{2021 - 1}& \textbf{2021 - 2}&\textbf{Minimum}&\textbf{Average}&\textbf{Maximum}\\\hline \textbf{1 Mark Count}&2&3&2&4&3&3&2&2&1&1&1&2.3&4\\\hline \textbf{2 Marks Count}&3&3&3&1&3&3&3&4&4&3&1&3&4\\\hline \textbf{Total Marks}&8&9&8&6&9&9&8&10&9&7&\bf{6}&\bf{8.3}&\bf{10}\\\hline \end{array}}}$$

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Recent questions in Computer Networks

7 7 votes
1 1 answer
271
271 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | GOBACK-N
A $1$ Mbps satellite link with a one-way propagation delay of $45$ ms uses the Go-Back-N protocol. If the data frames are $1$ Kilobyte ($1024$ bytes) in size, what is the...
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8 8 votes
1 1 answer
310
310 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | STOP-AND-WAIT
A sender and receiver are connected by a $1$ Mbps link and use the Stop-and-Wait protocol for data transfer. Data frames are $2$ Kilobytes (KB) in size (where 1 KB $=1024...
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6 6 votes
1 1 answer
303
303 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | CSMA/CD
A $100$ Mbps network is designed using the CSMA/CD protocol. If the minimum frame size allowed on this network is $64$ bytes, what is the maximum signal propagation time ...
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5 5 votes
2 2 answers
466
466 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | CSMA/CD
A CSMA/CD network operates at $100$ Mbps ( $10^8$ bits per second) over a $2.5$ km cable without any repeaters. The signal propagation speed in the cable is $2 \times 10^...
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6 6 votes
2 2 answers
621
621 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | SUBNETTING
A network administrator needs to create a single, efficient summary route that advertises a block of networks to a neighboring router. The summary route must precisely co...
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5 5 votes
4 4 answers
494
494 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | SUBNETTING
A server ($S$) and a workstation ($W$) are configured on a network as follows:Server S has the IP address $172.16.70.20$ and the netmask $255.255.240.0$. Workstation W ha...
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6 6 votes
3 3 answers
390
390 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | SUBNETTING
The routing table of a corporate router is shown below:\[\begin{array}{l l l}\textbf{Destination} & \textbf{Subnet Mask} & \textbf{Interface} \\203.0.113.0 & 255.255.255....
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6 6 votes
4 4 answers
658
658 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | SLIDING WINDOW
Host $X$ uses $64$ -byte packets to send data to Host $Y$ via a sliding window protocol. The round trip time (RTT) between X and Y is measured to be $100$ milliseconds, a...
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6 6 votes
3 3 answers
763
763 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | SLIDING WINDOW
Server S is transmitting data to client C over a full-duplex connection. S and C use the sliding window protocol for flow control. The send and receive window sizes are $...
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3 3 votes
1 answers 1 answer
951
951 views
Network Layer
A 6400 byte message is to be transmitted over a 2-hop path in store-and-forward packet switching network. The netwok limits packets to a memory size of 2032 bytes includi...
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3 3 votes
1 1 answer
543
543 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | ISRO
The minimum frame size requirement in a CSMA/CD-based Ethernet network is necessary to:Reduce the overall probability of collisions in the network. Ensure a station can d...
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4 4 votes
2 2 answers
419
419 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | ISRO
What is the broadcast address for the subnet in which the host IP address $192.168 .16 .89$ with a subnet mask of $128$ is located?$192.168 .16 .95$ $192.168 .16 .80$ $19...
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2 2 votes
1 1 answer
361
361 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | IP ADDRESSING
Every host in an $\mathrm{IPv4}$ network has a $1$-second resolution real-time clock with battery backup. Each host needs to generate up to $500$ unique identifiers per s...
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3 3 votes
1 1 answer
659
659 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | ERROR DETECTION
A block code scheme has the following set of valid code words:$$000111,011001,100101,111010$$What is the maximum number of bit errors that can be detected?$1$ $2$ $3$ $4$
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4 4 votes
1 1 answer
331
331 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | CRC
Consider the following message $M=11010111$. The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for this message using the divisor polynomial $x^4+x+1$ is:$1001$ $0001$ $0101$ $1100$
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3 3 votes
1 1 answer
437
437 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | FRAGMENTATION
Consider a network that uses Ethernet and $\mathrm{IPv4}$. Assume that $\mathrm{IPv4}$ headers do not use any options field. Each Ethernet frame can carry a maximum of $1...
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2 2 votes
1 1 answer
340
340 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | FRAGMENTATION
Suppose a message of size $20,000$ bytes is transmitted from a source to a destination using $\mathrm{IPv4}$ protocol via two routers as shown in the figure. Each router ...
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5 5 votes
1 1 answer
306
306 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | HAMMING DISTANCE
Consider the binary code that consists of only four valid codewords as given below:$$000000,111100,001111,110011$$Let the minimum Hamming distance of the code be $\mathbf...
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3 3 votes
1 1 answer
311
311 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | CRC
Consider the cyclic redundancy check (CRC)-based error-detecting scheme having the generator polynomial $X^4+X^3+1$. Suppose the message $m_5 m_4 m_3 m_2 m_1 m_0=101010$ ...
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3 3 votes
1 1 answer
277
277 views
GO Classes DPP | CN | CRC
The message $1011011$ is to be transmitted using the CRC polynomial $x^3+x^2+1$ to protect it from errors. The message that should be transmitted is:$1011011000$ $1011011...
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