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Let $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ be two Bernoulli random variables with the probability of success $p$. These variables are independent, where $X_{i}=0$ with probability $1-p$ and $X_{i}=1$ with probability $p$ for $i=1,2$. Define a random variable $Y=\frac{X_{1}+X_{2}}{2}$.
What are the correct joint probabilities for $P\left(Y=1, X_{1}=1\right)$ and $P\left(Y=0, X_{1}=0\right)$ ?
  1. $P\left(Y=1, X_{1}=1\right)=p^{2}, \quad P\left(Y=0, X_{1}=0\right)=1-p^{2}$
  2. $P\left(Y=1, X_{1}=1\right)=p^{2}, \quad P\left(Y=0, X_{1}=0\right)=(1-p)^{2}$
  3. $P\left(Y=1, X_{1}=1\right)=p(1-p), \quad P\left(Y=0, X_{1}=0\right)=(1-p)^{2}$
  4. $P\left(Y=1, X_{1}=1\right)=1-p^{2}, \quad P\left(Y=0, X_{1}=0\right)=p(1-p)$
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1. $P\left(Y=1, X_{1}=1\right)$
- For $Y=1, \frac{X_{1}+X_{2}}{2}=1$ implies $X_{1}+X_{2}=2$, so $X_{1}=1$ and $X_{2}=1$.
- $P\left(Y=1, X_{1}=1\right)=P\left(X_{1}=1\right.$ and $\left.X_{2}=1\right)=p \cdot p=p^{2}$.
2. $P\left(Y=0, X_{1}=0\right)$
- For $Y=0, \frac{X_{1}+X_{2}}{2}=0$ implies $X_{1}+X_{2}=0$, so $X_{1}=0$ and $X_{2}=0$.
- $P\left(Y=0, X_{1}=0\right)=P\left(X_{1}=0\right.$ and $\left.X_{2}=0\right)=(1-p) \cdot(1-p)=(1-p)^{2}$.

Thus, the correct probabilities are:

$P\left(Y=1, X_{1}=1\right)=p^{2}$

$P\left(Y=0, X_{1}=0\right)=(1-p)^{2}$

The correct option is $\mathbf{B}$.
Answer:

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