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1 1 vote

Let $X$ and $Y$ be random variables such that

$$
E[X]=2, \quad E[Y]=3, \quad \operatorname{Var}(X)=4, \quad \operatorname{Var}(Y)=9,
$$

and their correlation coefficient is $\rho=0.5$.

Define

$$
U=3 X+2 Y, \quad V=X-4 Y .
$$


Find $\operatorname{Cov}(\mathrm{U}, \mathrm{V})$.
 

  1. $0$
     
  2. $-15$
     
  3. $-90$
     
  4. $-120$

1 Answer

0 0 votes
$$
\operatorname{Cov}(U, V)=\operatorname{Cov}(3 X+2 Y, X-4 Y)
$$

Use the linearity of covariance:

$$
\operatorname{Cov}(a X+b Y, c X+d Y)=a c \operatorname{Var}(X)+b d \operatorname{Var}(Y)+(a d+b c) \operatorname{Cov}(X, Y)
$$

Here:

$$
a=3, b=2, c=1, d=-4
$$

So:

$$
\operatorname{Cov}(U, V)=(3)(1) \operatorname{Var}(X)+(2)(-4) \operatorname{Var}(Y)+[(3)(-4)+(2)(1)] \operatorname{Cov}(X, Y)
$$

Simplify coefficients:

$$
\begin{gathered}
=3 \operatorname{Var}(X)-8 \operatorname{Var}(Y)+(-12+2) \operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) \\\\
=3 \operatorname{Var}(X)-8 \operatorname{Var}(Y)-10 \operatorname{Cov}(X, Y)
\end{gathered}
$$

$$
\rho=\frac{\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y)}{\sqrt{\operatorname{Var}(X) \operatorname{Var}(Y)}}
$$

$$
\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y)=\rho \sqrt{\operatorname{Var}(X) \operatorname{Var}(Y)}=0.5 \times \sqrt{4 \times 9}=0.5 \times 6=3
$$

$$
\begin{gathered}
\operatorname{Cov}(U, V)=3(4)-8(9)-10(3) \\\\
=12-72-30=-90
\end{gathered}
$$
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