GATE CSE 1999 | Question: 2.13

Question

Consider the following program in a language that has dynamic scooping:

var x: real;
procedure show:
    begin print(x);end;
procedure small;
    var x: real;
        begin x: = 0.125; show; end;
begin x:=0.25
    show; small
    end.

Then the output of the program is:

• A. 0.125 0.125
• B. 0.25 0.25
• C. 0.25 0.125
• D. 0.125 0.25

Comments

I think this is still in syllabus

Answer 1

ans c)

In dynamic scoping, if a variable is not found in the local scope it is looked up on at the function from which the call is made.

Comments

finding outputs of procedural language is still in syllabus?

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Its answer should be option: "b: .25 .25" because x is also declared in procedure small hence scope of variable x = .125 will be limited to procedure small only.

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so if it would ask for static scope

then c would be the answer ?

@bikram sir

Answer 2

....

Answer 3

Start from the Last Line.

 1.   x := 0.25 (global)

 2.  show() => prints global x = 0.25

 3.  small():

 4.  Local x := 0.125 

    =>  show() = looks in small's scope  
    =>  x = 0.125

Output: 0.25 0.125