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At the point $x=1$, the function $f(x)=\begin{cases}(x-1)^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right),&x\neq1\\\\0,&x=1\end{cases}$        is:

  1. not continuous
     
  2. continuous but not differentiable
     
  3. differentiable, but $f'$ is not continuous at $x=1$
     
  4. differentiable and $f'$ is continuous at $x=1$

1 Answer

1 1 vote

We are given $f(x)=\begin{cases}(x-1)^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right),&x\neq1\\\\0,&x=1\end{cases}$.

First check continuity at $x=1$.

For $x\neq1$,

$$-1\leq \sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)\leq1$$

Multiplying by $(x-1)^2\geq0$ gives

$$-(x-1)^2\leq (x-1)^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)\leq (x-1)^2$$

As $x\to1$, both $-(x-1)^2$ and $(x-1)^2$ go to $0$.

So by the squeeze theorem,

$$\lim_{x\to1}f(x)=0=f(1)$$

Therefore, $f$ is continuous at $x=1$.

Now check differentiability at $x=1$ using the definition:

$$f'(1)=\lim_{x\to1}\frac{f(x)-f(1)}{x-1}$$

Since $f(1)=0$,

$$f'(1)=\lim_{x\to1}\frac{(x-1)^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)}{x-1}$$

$$f'(1)=\lim_{x\to1}(x-1)\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)$$

Again, since $\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)$ is bounded between $-1$ and $1$,

$$-|x-1|\leq (x-1)\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)\leq |x-1|$$

Both bounds go to $0$, so

$$f'(1)=0$$

Thus, $f$ is differentiable at $x=1$.

Now check whether $f'$ is continuous at $x=1$.

For $x\neq1$,

$$f'(x)=2(x-1)\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)+(x-1)^2\cos\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{(x-1)^2}\right)$$

$$\Rightarrow f'(x)=2(x-1)\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)-\cos\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)$$

As $x\to1$, the first term $2(x-1)\sin\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)\to0$, but the second term $-\cos\left(\frac{1}{x-1}\right)$ keeps oscillating and has no limit.

Therefore, $\lim_{x\to1}f'(x)$ does not exist.

So $f$ is differentiable at $x=1$, but $f'$ is not continuous at $x=1$.

Answer: C.

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