GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 90

Question

Choose the best matching between the programming styles in Group 1 and their characteristics in Group 2.$$\begin{array}{|ll|ll|}\hline \rlap{\textbf{Group 1}} &  & \rlap{\textbf{Group 2}} \\\hline P. & \text{Functional} & 1. & \text{Common-based, procedural} \\ Q. & \text{Logic} & 2. & \text{Imperative, abstract data types} \\ R. & \text{Object-oriented} & 3. & \text{Side-effect free, declarative, expression evaluations} \\ S. & \text{Imperative} & 4. & \text{Declarative, clausal representation, theorem proving} \\\hline \end{array}$$

• A. $P-2\quad  Q-3\quad R-4\quad S-1$
• B. $P-4\quad Q-3 \quad R-2\quad S-1$
• C. $P-3\quad Q-4 \quad R-1\quad S-2$
• D. $P-3\quad Q-4\quad R-2\quad S-1$

Comments

For some additional information please refer my comment on https://gateoverflow.in/3273/gate2008-it-13.

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The sad part is Imperative in group 1 does not match to imperative in group 2.

Answer 1

Answer: (D) P-3 Q-4 R-2 S-1 $$\begin{array}{|ll|ll|}\hline \rlap{\textbf{Group 1}} &  & \rlap{\textbf{Group 2}} \\\hline P. & \text{Functional} & 3. & \text{Side-effect free, declarative, expression evaluations} \\ Q. & \text{Logic} & 4. & \text{Declarative, clausal representation, theorem proving} \\ R. & \text{Object-oriented} & 2. & \text{Imperative, abstract data types} \\ S. & \text{Imperative} & 1. & \text{Common-based, procedural} \\\hline \end{array}$$
Explanation:

P: Functional Programming is declarative in nature, involves expression evaluation, & side effect free.
Q: Logic is also declarative but involves theorem proving.
R: Object-oriented is an imperative statement based & have abstract (general) data types.
S: Imperative programs are made giving commands & follows definite procedure & sequence

Ref: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gate-gate-cs-2004-question-90/

Comments

Can you explain about the options?

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This should be the best answer ....

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Can you please tell me the meaning of 'Imperative' in Group 2's 2 ???what it signify?

Answer 2

Functional programming, is declarative, and has no side effects. Hence P - 3.

Logic programming is theorem proving. Hence Q - 4.

Object oriented programming contains abstract data types (Abstraction is one of the properties) and is imperative. Hence R - 2.

Finally option S - 1.

Hence answer is D

Answer 3

D should be the answer.

Comments

thanks for your help...

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@Arjun please add few lines regarding each option in a new answer

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@Arjun sir.Please explain

Answer 4

Explanation: P: Functional Programming is declarative in nature, involves
expression evaluation, & side effect free.
Q: Logic is also declarative but involves theorem proving.
R: Object oriented is imperative statement based & have abstract
(general) data types.
S: Imperative: The programs are made giving commands & follows
definite procedure & sequence
 

Answer 5

Functional languages like Haskell work around the principle of no side effect, which means operations don’t affect the state of the system(variables). Basically, variables are immutable in pure functional languages. They are declarative in the sense that we specify what we want just like we define recursive functions or expressions.

Logic languages like Prolog work on predicate logic and inference rules is widely used and thus are declarative. So it is like proving some theorems based on arguments given. 

Object Oriented languages like Java work on classes, which are nothing but implementations of abstract data types(ADT). They are imperative(procedural) in nature as we have methods(functions) to step-by-step show our actions.
 

Imperative languages like C  are procedural in nature, where we have to specify how we want to take steps, and give commands through function calls like doSomething(), moveRight(100) etc.

 

So, option (D) is obvious.