in Calculus
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If $\int \limits_0^{2 \pi} |x \: \sin x| dx=k\pi$, then the value of $k$ is equal to ______.
in Calculus
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5 Answers

57 votes
57 votes
Best answer
There is a mod term in the given integral. So, first we have to remove that. We know that $x$ is always positive here and $\sin x$ is positive from 0 to $\pi$. From $\pi$ to $2\pi$, $x$ is positive while $\sin x$ changes sign. So, we can write

$\int_{0}^{2\pi} \mid x \sin x \mid dx = \int_{0}^{\pi} x \sin x dx + \left(-\int_{\pi}^{2\pi} x \sin x dx \right)$

$\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad\;= \int_{0}^{\pi} x \sin x dx -\int_{\pi}^{2\pi} x \sin x dx.$

$\int_{0}^{\pi}{udv} = uv - \int_{0}^{\pi}{vdu}$

$ \text{Here }u = x, du = dx, dv = \sin x dx, \text{ so } v = -\cos x$

$ \therefore \int_{0}^{\pi} x \sin x dx = \left [ -x\cos x\right]_0^{\pi} + \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x dx$

$= \pi + \left[\sin x\right]_0^{\pi}\\ =\pi$

$\text{Now, } \int_{\pi}^{2\pi} x \sin x = \left [ -x\cos x\right]_{\pi}^{2\pi} + \int_{\pi}^{2\pi} \cos x dx$

$= -3\pi + \left[\sin x\right]_{\pi}^{2\pi}\\ = -3 \pi$

So, given integral = $\pi - \left(-3\pi\right) = 4\pi$

So, k = 4.
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3 Comments

dv = sinxdx

2
2
First, we need to defined function $F(x)=|xsin(x)|$

$f(x)=\begin{cases} xsinx & \text{ if } 0 \leq x \leq \pi \\ -xsinx & \text{ if } \pi \leq x \leq 2\pi \end{cases}$

Now, first only find $\int xsinx\,dx=sinx-xcosx$

Now, our integral becomes

$\int_{0}^{2\pi}|xsinx|=\int_{0}^{\pi}xsinx\,-\int_{\pi}^{2\pi}xsinx$

$[sinx-xcosx]_{0}^{\pi}=\pi$

and

$[sinx-xcosx]_{\pi}^{2\pi}=-3\pi$

So, $\int_{0}^{2\pi}|xsinx|=\pi-(-3\pi)=4\pi$
9
9
Can you explain how could you determinal -3pi

I am getting pi only
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19 votes
19 votes

Some important things, we should know

  • ${\color{Red} {\cos 0 = 1,\cos \pi = -1,\cos 2\pi = 1,\dots}}$
  • ${\color{Blue}{ \text{In general}\: \cos n\pi = (-1)^{n}\: \text{where}\: n=0,1,2,\dots}}$
  • ${\color{Magenta} {\sin 0 = 0,\sin \pi = 0,\sin 2\pi = 0,\dots}}$
  • ${\color{Green} {\text{In general}\: \sin n\pi = 0\: \text{where}\: n=0,1,2,\dots}}$
  • ${\color{Orange} {\sin(\pi-x)=\sin x,\sin (2\pi-x)=-\sin x,\sin(3\pi-x)=\sin x}}$
  • ${\color{Teal} {\text{In general}\: \sin (n\pi-x)=(-1)^{n+1}\sin x\: \text{ where} \: n=0,1,2,\dots}}$
  •  ${\color{Orchid} {\cos(\pi-x)=-\cos x,\cos (2\pi-x)=\cos x,\cos (3\pi-x)=-\cos x}}$
  • ${\color{purple} {\text{ In general}\: \cos (n\pi-x)=(-1)^{n}\cos x \: \text{where}\: n=0,1,2,\dots}}$                                             

$f(x)=\sin x$

$f(x)=\cos x$

Visualization: 

_________________________________________________________________
Let $I = \displaystyle{}\int_{0}^{2\pi} \mid x \sin x \mid {\mathrm{d} x} = k\pi\rightarrow(1)$

Now, we should break the limits and open the 'modulus function'.

$I = \displaystyle{}\int_{0}^{\pi} x \sin x \: {\mathrm{d} x} - \displaystyle{}\int_{\pi}^{2\pi} x \sin x\:  {\mathrm{d} x}$

Now, $I = \left[-x \cos x + \sin x \right]_{0}^{\pi} - \left[-x \cos x + \sin x \right]_{\pi}^{2\pi}$

$\implies I = \left[ \left(- \pi \cos \pi + \sin \pi \right) - \left(-0 \cos 0 + \sin 0 \right) \right] - \left[ \left(- 2\pi \cos 2\pi + \sin 2\pi \right) - \left(- \pi \cos \pi + \sin \pi \right) \right]$

$\implies I = \left[ \left(- \pi (-1) + 0 \right) - \left( 0 + 0 \right) \right] - \left[ \left(- 2\pi (1)   + 0  \right) - \left(- \pi (-1) + 0 \right) \right]$

$\implies I = \pi  + 2\pi + \pi $

$\implies I = 4\pi = k\pi\implies k = 4$

So, the correct answer is $k  = 4.$

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1 comment

@Lakshman Patel RJIT This is ultra pro max explanation 😍. Thanks !!

2
2
13 votes
13 votes
No need to apply integration by parts,it will be time consuming,

Appy the formula $\int_{0}^{\pi }(\pi-x)sinxdx+\int_{\pi}^{2\pi}(2\pi+\pi -x)sinxdx$

now $I=\int_{0}^{\pi }(\pi-x)sinxdx$

$2I=\pi\int_{0}^{\pi}sinxdx=\pi$

similarly from 2nd part we can get $3\pi$ so total $4\pi$ is the answer

3 Comments

please elaborate ur method
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Awesome. Thank You.
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0
edited by

$f(x)=sinx$

 

$f(x)=cosx$

6
6
5 votes
5 votes

ILATE PROPERTY IS USEFULL TO DO SUCH TYPE OF QUESTION

BUT ONE ANOTHER method is also important and fast when function is given odd function because both linear algebric and sin function is odd so their product is also odd function and period of sin is \pi and mod function converts them into positive so 

\int_{0}^{\pi }xsinx   gives value  \pi   and   \int_{\pi }^{2\pi } xsinxdx  gives value -3\pi but due to mod function it is gives\left | -3\pi \right |  that is equal to 3\pi    so final answer will be \pi +3\pi = 4\pi

Answer:

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