818 views
0 votes
0 votes
How many distinct words of any (nonzero) length can be formed using the letters of $KEPLER$ at most once each?

(Clarification: such a word can have two Es, but can't have duplicates of any other letter.)

1 Answer

Best answer
2 votes
2 votes
We'll break our set of letters in $2$ parts

$1^{st}$ part: (contains 2 set)

one set will be having 2 E's i.e $S_1 = \{E,E\}$ & another one  $S_2$ will be having $\{K, P, L, R\}$

and $2^{nd}$ part:

this part contains only one set $S_3  = \{K,P,L,R,E\}$

First, we'll start with $1$- letter words

The total no. of distinct words possible of length $1 \Rightarrow 5 \text{ (as there are 5 distinct words)}$

Now, $2$ letter- words

Here $2$ cases are possible :

1) taking $2$ E from $S_1$ (can be done in $1$ ways only) & taking no letter from $S_2$ & then arranging them(can be done in $1$ ways as both are identical)

OR

2) taking  $2$ letters from $S_3$ & then arranging them which can be done in $^5C_2 \times 2! =  ^5P_2$

$\therefore$ The total no. of distinct words possible of length $2 \Rightarrow (1 \times 1) + ^5P_2 = 1+20 = 21$

$3-$letter words:

$2$ cases are possible:

1) Choosing 2 place from the 3 places(can be done in $^3C_2 ways$) & then taking $2$ letters from $S_1$(can be done in $1$ ways) & $1$ letter from $S_2$ (can be done in $^4C_1$ ).

  This can be done in  $^3C_2 \times 1 \times ^4C_1 \\ = 3 \times 4 = 12 \text{ ways}$

OR

2) Taking $3$ letters from $S_3$ & arranging them, which can be done in $^5P_3 = 60 \hspace{0.1cm} ways$

$\therefore$ The total no. of distinct words possible of length $3 \Rightarrow  12 + 60 = 72$

$4-$ letter words:

Again $2$ cases are possible:

1) Choosing $2$ positions from the $4$ positions (can be done in $^4C_2$ ways) & then taking $2$ letters from $S_1$ (can be done in $1$ ways) and remaining $2$ letters we can choose from $S_2$ & arrange them (can be done in $^4P_2 = 12$ ways )  

  This can be done in $^4C_2 \times 1 \times 12 \\ = 6 \times 12 \\ = 72 \text{ ways}$

2) Choosing all the $4$ letters from $S_3$ & arrange them, which can be done in $^5P_4 = 120$ ways.

$\therefore$ The total no. of distinct words possible of length $4 \Rightarrow  72 + 120 = 192$

$5-$ letter words:

 $2$ cases are possible again :

1) Choosing $2$ positions from the $5$ positions (can be done in $^5C_2$ ways) & then taking $2$ letters from $S_1$ (can be done in $1$ ways) and remaining $3$ letters we can choose from $S_2$ & arrange them (can be done in $^4P_3 = 24$ ways )  

  This can be done in $^5C_2 \times 1 \times 24 \\ = 10 \times 24 \\ = 240 \text{ ways}$

2) Choosing all the $5$ letters from $S_3$ & arrange them, which can be done in $^5P_5 = 120$ ways.

$\therefore$ The total no. of distinct words possible of length $4 \Rightarrow  240 + 120 = 360$

$6-$ letter words:

Now, we'll be taking all $6$ words from our original letter set i.e. $\{K, E, P, L, E, R\}$

So, the total no. of distinct words possible of length $6$ will be  $\Rightarrow  \dfrac{^6P_6}{2!} = 360$

$\therefore$ The no. of  distinct words of any (nonzero) length can be formed using the letters of $KEPLER$

at most once each will be $= 5 + 21 + 72 + 192 + 360 + 360 \\ = 1010 $
selected by

Related questions

0 votes
0 votes
1 answer
1
Lakshman Bhaiya asked Oct 30, 2018
481 views
Given a standard deck of cards, there $52!$ are different permutations of the cards. Given two identical standard decks of cards, how many different permutations are ther...
1 votes
1 votes
1 answer
3
radha gogia asked Jul 24, 2018
1,400 views
Suppose one character at a time comes as an input from a string of letters . There is an option either to 1) print the incoming letter or to 2) put the incoming letter on...
2 votes
2 votes
0 answers
4
Rohit Gupta 8 asked Jan 12, 2018
684 views
The number of ways six distinct balls be distributed into 3 distinct urns. If each urn contain at least one ball are ____